开放经济条件下产业竞争力的理论阐述

发布时间：2018-11-26 07:08

【摘要】： 产业是国民经济的骨骼，产业竞争力的强弱体现了一国在国际竞争中财富与实力的水平。自从波特教授在20世纪80年代出版其三本系列著作——《竞争优势》、《竞争战略》、《国家竞争优势》以来，产业竞争力的研究逐渐引起学术理论界的注意。其后随着瑞士洛桑管理学院和世界经济论坛提出的国家竞争力指标的设置及其评判，更一度引发对竞争力问题研究的热潮。在我国加入世界贸易组织以后，国民经济各部门势必逐步融入经济全球化的开放体系之中。作为国民经济的骨骼——产业，在这场愈演愈烈的国际竞争中必然首当其冲，产业的竞争能力就决定了一国在国际竞争中的地位。我国目前正处于经济转轨时期，如何正确认识在开放经济条件下的产业、产业竞争力具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。本文即基于此点，力图在当代竞争力理论纷繁复杂的局面中，以层层剥笋的方式，理出一条产业竞争力的理论脉络。本文的结构共分为六章。首章提出问题，阐明产业竞争力问题提出的背景、理论意义和现实意义。其后，扼要说明本文的研究方法，即试图以求真、求本质的挖掘型方式探究事物的本来面貌。研究方法的确立实际也就确立本文的论述方式。第二章主要对现有的代表性竞争力理论进行评述。在此，本文主要选取了古典竞争理论、马克思的竞争力理论、新贸易理论对产业竞争力的论述、波特竞争理论及核心竞争力理论。古典竞争理论主要阐述了亚当-斯密的绝对优势论和大卫-李嘉图的比较优势论对竞争的有关论断。二者的比较中，显然李嘉图的比较优势论更能说明国际贸易中的竞争行为，以致长期以来作为国际贸易的基础理论——比较优势论就成为一国参与国际竞争的准绳。然而，事物的发展并不是一成不变的，随着国际交往的日渐频繁，国际经济活动的领域越来越宽泛，比较优势已无法清晰地说明一国某产业在国际上的竞争表现和结果，因此，我们就有必要重新探讨竞争和竞争力的本质问题。在此章的第 WP=4 二节关于马克思的竞争力理论中，我们就触及到了这一问题。此节中我们无意于马克思有关竞争力的论述，而主要强调马克思对这一问题的研究方法和思路。即对竞争和产业本质的探究。按照马克思的理论，，产业是生产剩余价值的集合，而竞争之所求也是剩余价值的争夺。关于这一点，我们更认同马克思对具体问题的抽象分析方法。第三节主要结合克鲁格曼的新贸易理论谈产业竞争问题。克鲁格曼认为产业的竞争力主要体现在产业的规模报酬和具有正的外在性的技术革新上。这种论断一定程度上并无错误，但其与我们讨论的产业竞争力问题仍有一定距离。随之的第四节系统阐述了波特的产业竞争力理论，作为本文源头理论的依托基础，此段可谓是重点。波特作为研究国际竞争力的鼻祖，其对产业竞争力的描述是一个系统的概念。其中最著名和经典的就是钻石理论。在钻石理论中，产业的竞争优势由四种因素决定：生产要素；需求条件；相关产业和支持产业的表现；企业的战略、结构和竞争对手。此四种要素如详细说明就分别是：一个国家在特定产业竞争中有关生产方面的表现；本国市场对该项产业所提供的产品或服务的需求如何；这些产业的相关产业和上游产业是否具有国际竞争力；企业在一个国家的基础、组织和管理形态，以及国内市场竞争对手的表现。在此基础上，波特又进一步对四种因素做了细分，以便进一步说明产业的竞争优势所在。因而，本文对波特竞争力理论的评价是此理论更大程度上探讨的是产业竞争优势而非产业竞争力。本章的最后一节主要阐述了核心竞争力理论，此理论的应用层面基本为企业，但这并不代表与我们所研究的产业问题无关，因为产业本身就是具有某种同质属性企业的集合。核心竞争力理论以价值链理论为基础，将企业创造价值的活动分为辅助活动和基础活动，例如技术开发、人力资源、采购、内部后勤、生产经营、市场营销等活动都属于业务资源，而知识资源始终贯穿其中。企业的每一价值活动都是进行业务资源流和知识资源流的整合，从而创造企业的核心竞争力。价值活动的核心是创造企业利润。核心竞争力理论实际谈到了竞争活动的基本内容及竞争的本质需求之所在。这为我们后文对竞争、竞争力的分析奠定了基础。 WP=5 第三章在前文对相关理论剖析的基础上，进一步对产业竞争力理论的有关概念进行了探讨。即产业与产业的分类，竞争与竞争力，竞争优势与比较优势，竞争力与竞争优势的关系等。确定产业是要明确产业在社会经济活动中究竟为何物，以何种形式存在，并进一步说明产业划分的不同依据，产业的分类将对产业问题的研究有何影响。在探讨竞争时，主要把握产业为何而竞争这一主线来分析竞争的有关内容，从而得出竞争力是竞争主体对稀缺资源的有效控制力这一结论。当然上述的分析我们是建立在完全市场经济状态下的一种抽象分析。在竞争优势和比较优势的分析中，主要比较了二者的区别和联系。早期的国际贸易中，比较优势基本能够解释各国参与国际经济活动的初衷和目的。随着科技的进步和经济活动领域的扩大，参与国际经济活动的各国不仅仅再依靠比较优势，更大程度上体现它们竞争行为的是竞争优势，因而当代产业活动的重点将转到产业竞争优
[Abstract]:The industry is the skeleton of the national economy, and the strength of the industrial competitiveness reflects the level of wealth and strength of a country in the international competition. Since Professor Porter published his third series of works in the 1980s _ , , the research of industrial competitiveness has gradually attracted the attention of the academic circle. Then, with the setting and evaluation of the national competitiveness index proposed by the Swiss Institute of Management and the World Economic Forum, the upsurge of research on competitiveness was raised. After China's accession to the World Trade Organization, all sectors of the national economy will be gradually integrated into the economy As the bone _ industry of the national economy, as the bone _ industry of the national economy, it is necessary to bear the brunt of the growing international competition, and the competitiveness of the industry determines the nation In the period of economic transition, how to correctly understand the industrial and industrial competitiveness under the condition of open economy is of great importance in the international competition This paper is based on this point, and tries to find out a production by layer-by-layer bamboo shoot in the complicated situation of the contemporary competitive theory. The theoretical context of the competitiveness of the industry. The structure of this paper is divided into six chapters. In this paper, the background, theoretical and practical significance of the problem of industrial competitiveness are put forward, and the research of this paper is also given. A Study on the Method of Seeking Truth and Seeking the Essence of the Method of Mining To study the original face of a thing. The establishment of the research method is also established. In the second chapter, the current representative competitive theory is reviewed. In this paper, the classical competition theory is mainly selected. Marx's Theory of Competitiveness, the Discussion on the Industrial Competitiveness of the New Trade Theory, the Porter's Competition Theory and the Core Competence Theory, the Classical Competition The theory mainly expounds the absolute superiority theory of Adam Smith and the comparative advantage of David-Li Jiu on the competition. In the comparison of the two, it is clear that the comparative advantage theory of Li Jiu can explain the competition line in international trade. For a long time, the theory of comparative advantage, which has long been the basic theory of international trade, has become a quasi-rope of the nation's participation in international competition. However, the development of things is not the same. With the increasing frequency of international exchanges, the collar of international economic activities The domain is becoming more and more broad, and the comparative advantage has been unable to clearly state a country. Industry in the International the competition in the world As a result, we need to re-examine the competition and competitiveness Quality problem. In this chapter, WP = 4 Two-section on Marx's Competitiveness In this section, we have touched on this question. In this section, we have no intention of discussing the relevant competitiveness of Marx, but mainly The research methods and thinking of Marx on this problem are emphasized. In accordance with the theory of Marx, the industry is a set of production surplus value In this regard, we agree with Marx's withdrawal of specific problems. In the third section, the paper discusses the competition of industry with the new trade theory of Krugman. The competitiveness of the industry is mainly reflected in the scale compensation of the industry and the technological innovation with positive externality. There is no error, but it still has a certain distance from the industrial competitiveness of our discussion. The fourth section of the system This paper expounds the theory of Porter's industrial competitiveness, On the basis of the source theory, this section is the focus of this section. As a source of international competitiveness, Porter's description of the competitiveness of the industry is a systematic concept. The most famous And the classic is the diamond theory. In the diamond theory, the competitive advantage of the industry is determined by four factors: the production factor, the demand condition, the related industry and the performance of the supporting industry, the strategy, structure and the competition of the enterprise. the performance of a country in relation to the production of a particular industry; a national market for the industry. What is the demand for a product or service for; whether the industry and the upstream industry in these industries have international competitiveness; an enterprise In a country's foundation, organization and management form, as well as the performance of domestic market rivals, Porter further The four factors are subdivided in order to further illustrate the competitive advantage of the industry. Therefore, the paper's evaluation of the theory of Porter's competitive power is to explore the competitive advantage of the industry and not the competitiveness of the industry. The last part of this chapter The section mainly describes the core competitiveness theory, the application level of this theory is basically the enterprise, but this is not related to the industrial problem that we have studied because the industry itself is a collection with some kind of homogeneous property enterprise. The core competitiveness theory is based on the price On the Basis of the Theory of Value Chain, the Enterprise's Creation The value-building activities are divided into auxiliary activities and basic activities, such as technology development, human resources, procurement, internal logistics, production All activities, such as camp, marketing, etc., belong to the business capital the source, and the knowledge resource always runs through, each value activity of the enterprise is to carry on the business resource flow and The integration of the knowledge resource flows to create the core competitiveness of the enterprise. value activity The core of the core competence theory is the basic content of the competition activity and the essential demand of the competition. This is the foundation for our post-written analysis of competition and competitiveness. WP = 5 The third chapter, on the basis of the analysis of the relevant theories, further discusses the relevant concepts of the theory of industrial competitiveness, that is, the classification, competition and competitiveness of the industry and the industry. The relationship between competitive advantage and comparative advantage, competitive power and competitive advantage. The different basis of the division of the industry and the classification of the industry will have an effect on the research of the industrial problems. When discussing the competition, it is important to grasp the reason why the industry is competing for the main line to analyze the competition. The conclusion that the competitiveness is the effective control of the competitive body to the scarce resources is, of course, the above In the analysis of the competitive advantage and comparative advantage, the difference and the relation between the two are compared. The comparative advantage in the early international trade is basically able to explain the participation of all countries in the international market.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F062.9

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