理论经济物理学——推荐一个正在发展中的新领域

发布时间：2018-02-11 09:06

本文关键词： 新政治经济学新古典经济学大数据新劳动价值论全要素生产率　出处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：当代物理学的研究正在扩充自己的研究领域,向以处理"大数据"的复杂性问题进军。在社会经济学领域中,关键是要找出"着手点"构造一个能分析、处理"大数据"的经济模型。当代的经济学中有两大类模型:以边际效用理论为核心的古典经济学模型和以劳动创造价值论为核心理论的马克思经济学模型。本文讨论和比较了这两大类模型最初的出发点和发展的主要线索,指出古典经济学一个重大发展将科技进步引入经济学的研究,提出"全要素生产率"这一可以观测的,衡量社会总投入的总产生的生产率指标。而马克思的政治经济学仍沿用土地、劳动和资本三大要素。根据资本论中马克思的论述,较深入分析了马克思的劳动创造价值论的客观依据和对价值的实体来源的判定,指出为得到"商品价值=成本价格+利润",这一公式,在马克思的推导中隐含着"价值等于使用价值"这一假定,在发展极慢的社会中是恰当的,但在科学技术日新月异的今天,显然不能成立。作者还分析了由供需平衡决定的商品价格和数量中,古典经济学的最简单的两条直线相交的平衡解,只讨论了边际效应的影响。而事实是,在最简单的直线近似上,确定平衡解的应该有4个参数:由两个斜率刻划边际效用,和由两直线分别在纵轴和横轴上的截距,由此平衡的商品价格中必然会将成本和有限市场需求量包含进来,而市场价格是由劳动×科技来决定的。由此马克思的劳动创造价值就以新的方式修改了古典经济学关于供需的一般均衡论的分析。本文的这些结果可以看作是对著名的当代古典经济学家——保罗·萨缪尔森在2012年呼吁两大经济学派"折中"的一个具体的回应。
[Abstract]:The study of contemporary physics is expanding its field of study to deal with the complexity of big data. In the field of social economics, the key is to find a "starting point" structure that can be analyzed. Dealing with the economic model of big data. There are two kinds of models in contemporary economics: classical economic model with marginal utility theory as the core and Marx economic model with labor creation value theory as the core theory. This paper discusses and compares the initial starting point and the main clues of the development of these two kinds of models. It is pointed out that an important development in classical economics has introduced scientific and technological progress into the study of economics, and it is suggested that "total factor productivity" can be observed. The productivity index that measures the total production of total social input. And Marx's political economy still uses the three major elements of land, labor and capital. According to Marx's exposition in Capital, This paper deeply analyzes the objective basis of Marx's theory of labor creation value and the judgment of the substantive source of value, and points out that in order to obtain "commodity value = cost, price and profit", The assumption that "value is equal to use value" implied in Marx's derivation is appropriate in a slow-developing society, but today with the rapid development of science and technology, Obviously not. The author also analyzes the simplest equilibrium solution in classical economics of the price and quantity of goods determined by the balance of supply and demand, and only discusses the effect of the marginal effect. In the simplest straight line approximation, there should be four parameters to determine the equilibrium solution: the marginal utility is delineated by two slopes, and the intercept of the two straight lines on the longitudinal and horizontal axes, respectively, Thus, the balance of commodity prices will inevitably include costs and limited market demand. The market price is determined by labor 脳 science and technology. Therefore, Marx's labor creation value modifies the analysis of the general equilibrium theory of supply and demand in classical economics in a new way. In 2012, Paul Samuelson, a famous contemporary classical economist, called for a concrete response to the "compromise" between the two major economic schools.
【作者单位】：中国科学院理论物理研究所;
【分类号】：F069.9

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