温室气体减排政策:国际经验及对中国的启示——基于政策工具演进的视角

发布时间：2018-03-21 23:09

本文选题：温室气体减排政策工具　切入点：国际比较　出处：《中国人口.资源与环境》2012年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：将气候问题的主要利益集团和国家分为三组,欧盟(以英国、法国、德国为代表)、伞形国家集团(以美国、日本、加拿大、澳大利亚为代表)和发展中国家(印度、巴西、南非等),近似代表气候政策的一、二、三3个梯队。全面扫描这些国家标准和管制政策、财政政策工具、排放权交易、自愿协议、信息工具、研发政策等主要政策工具的使用情况。同时,选择温室气体排放总量变动趋势以及环境监管能力作为政策环境因素,试图反映气候政策工具应用条件"从低到高"的"阶段性"的特征。通过对上述国家和地区温室气体减排政策工具应用情况的国际比较,总结了减排政策工具应用的基本经验,得出了对我国的启示:继续运用好标准和管制为代表的"传统"政策工具;充分考虑政策工具的应用条件,稳步推进"高级"政策工具;加强温室气体减排政策工具之间的协调;以提高能源效率作为温室气体政策工具的核心目标;近期应谨慎推出碳税;循序稳妥推进碳市场建设。
[Abstract]:The main climate interest groups and countries are divided into three groups: the EU (represented by the United Kingdom, France and Germany), the Umbrella Group (represented by the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia) and the developing countries (India, Brazil, South Africa and others, which represent approximately one, two, and three echelons of climate policy. A comprehensive scan of these national standards and regulatory policies, fiscal policy tools, emissions trading, voluntary agreements, information tools, Research and development policies and other major policy tools. At the same time, select trends in total greenhouse gas emissions as well as environmental regulatory capacity as policy environmental factors, This paper attempts to reflect the "stage" characteristics of the conditions for the application of climate policy tools "from low to high". Through the international comparison of the application of greenhouse gas emission reduction policy tools in the above-mentioned countries and regions, this paper summarizes the basic experience in the application of emission reduction policy tools. The enlightenment to our country is to continue to make good use of the "traditional" policy tools represented by standards and regulations, to take full account of the application conditions of the policy tools, and to steadily advance the "advanced" policy tools. To strengthen coordination among greenhouse gas emission reduction policy instruments; to improve energy efficiency as the core goal of greenhouse gas policy tools; to introduce a carbon tax carefully in the near future; and to promote the construction of the carbon market steadily and sequentially.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究所;国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所;
【基金】：国务院发展研究中心2010年(青年)招标课题
【分类号】：X196

【二级参考文献】