论公共选择和经济选择的本质区别——基于多数规则下两种利益再分配的讨论

发布时间：2019-03-02 21:44

【摘要】：人类生活中同时存在着公共选择和经济选择,两者除原有已提出的共性外,还应补充多数规则这一共性。原有理论只重视两者的共性而忽视了它们的区别,或是仅将其区别归结为偏好是否一致的假设。其实两者的本质区别不在于选择者的偏好,而在于其支付能力的完全不同:公共选择是人口选票,而经济选择是资源选票。公共选择中是占人口少数的富人向占人口多数的穷人转移利益;经济选择中是持有少数资源的穷人向持有多数资源的富人转移利益。可见在同一多数规则下由于各自支付能力的不同,两者再分配发生的利益转移方向完全相反。两种选择因支付能力之不同产生两种不同的公平标准,每一个社会群体或利益集团,都是以自己占多数之选择领域的公平标准来要求其他领域的选择结果,这样就不可避免地产生抱怨和冲突。
[Abstract]:Public choice and economic choice exist at the same time in human life, both of them should supplement the commonality of most rules in addition to the generality that has been put forward. The original theory only attaches importance to the commonness of the two while neglecting their differences, or only attributes them to the assumption that preferences are consistent or not. In fact, the essential difference between the two lies not in the preference of the selector, but in the complete difference in their ability to pay: the public choice is the population vote, and the economic choice is the resource vote. The public choice is the transfer of benefits from the rich in the minority to the poor in the majority of the population; the economic choice is the transfer of the interests of the poor who hold a few resources to the rich who hold the majority of the resources. It can be seen that in the same majority of rules, due to the different capacity to pay, the direction of interest transfer between the two redistribution is completely opposite. The two options produce two different standards of equity as a result of the difference in capacity to pay, and each social group or interest group requires the result of the choice of other areas based on the criteria of equity in the areas of choice in which it has a majority of itself. This inevitably leads to complaints and conflicts.
【作者单位】：上海市发展改革研究院;
【分类号】：F062.6

【共引文献】