增权理论视角下社区参与乡村旅游可持续发展研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 20:41

本文关键词： 乡村旅游社区参与社区增权可持续发展　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：乡村旅游在近几年已成为旅游理论研究界的热点,这在很大程度上源于国内外旅游市场中掀起的乡村旅游热。在区位偏远、经济落后的乡村地区,旅游资源的开发优势为他们提供了解决“三农”问题的契机,旅游业对于提高农民收入、加速乡村的城市化进程、推进乡村的产业转型都有显著的积极意义。而与此同时,在乡村旅游的开发过程中寻找科学合理的开发模式和管理体制,以保障村民个体分享共同的经济社会利益和实现乡村社区的全面发展,这也是防止出现乡村旅游资源的吸引力下降、旅游地衰落及乡村旅游地社区解体等问题而威胁到乡村旅游可持续发展的必要措施。由于乡村旅游目的地与乡村社区存在较高程度的重叠或一致性,社区参与成为乡村旅游可持续发展的关键因素。社区参与乡村旅游发展意味着在乡村旅游的决策、开发、规划、管理、监督等过程中,需要充分考虑乡村社区的需要和意见,并将其作为乡村旅游开发的主体和受益主体,以保证旅游乡村旅游的可持续发展和乡村社区的全面发展。本文从社区参与旅游发展的规模、形式、内容以及出现的问题等方面进行分析,将社区参与旅游发展的阶段划分为个体参与、组织参与、大众参与和一体化参与四个发展阶段,并对社区居民参与乡村旅游发展的动机进行细分识别,分别对强制性参与、诱发式参与和自发式参与三种动机进行详细解读,以求掌握社区居民参与乡村旅游开发和服务提供的内在驱动力。然而社区参与仅是就理论层面上对乡村旅游可持续发展的必要措施提供了依据,在我国乡村旅游开发过程中的实际操作中却屡屡出现社区参与不成功的案例和诸多问题,引人深思。本文立足增权理论视角,从政治学层面上剖析乡村旅游发展过程社区参与碰壁的缘由,并指出缺乏社区意识和社区权力不足构成我国社区参与乡村旅游发展的最大障碍。同时,增权理论中的心理、经济、社会、政治4个维度的增权意义符合可持续发展原则且具有递进性,是社区参与乡村旅游可持续发展过程中所应达到的社区发展高度。在此理论框架内,本文对我国社区参与乡村旅游可持续发展路径的模式进行了探讨,在理想路径和极化路径之间,阐明了我国社区参与乡村旅游可持续发展实践的可能路径,并针对提出在乡村旅游发展过程中实现社区增权的概念性建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, rural tourism has become a hot spot in the field of tourism theory research, which to a large extent stems from the rural tourism boom in the domestic and foreign tourism markets, in rural areas with remote location and backward economy. The development advantage of tourism resources provides them with the opportunity to solve the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". Tourism can improve the income of farmers and accelerate the process of urbanization in rural areas. The promotion of rural industrial transformation has significant positive significance. At the same time, in the process of rural tourism development to find a scientific and reasonable development model and management system. In order to protect the individual villagers to share the common economic and social benefits and to achieve the overall development of rural communities, this is also to prevent the emergence of rural tourism resources decline in attractiveness. The decline of tourist destinations and the disintegration of rural tourism communities threaten the sustainable development of rural tourism. There is a high degree of overlap or consistency between rural tourism destinations and rural communities. Community participation has become a key factor in the sustainable development of rural tourism. Community participation in rural tourism development means in the decision-making, development, planning, management, supervision and other processes of rural tourism. The need to fully consider the needs and opinions of rural communities, and as the main body of rural tourism development and beneficiaries. In order to ensure the sustainable development of rural tourism and the overall development of rural communities, this paper analyzes the scale, form, content and problems of community participation in tourism development. The stage of community participation in tourism development is divided into four stages: individual participation, organizational participation, mass participation and integration participation, and the motivation of community residents to participate in the development of rural tourism is subdivided and identified. In order to grasp the intrinsic driving force of community residents' participation in rural tourism development and service provision, three kinds of motivations of compulsory participation, induced participation and spontaneous participation were analyzed in detail. However, community participation is only on the theoretical level of rural tourism sustainable development of the necessary measures to provide the basis. In the actual operation of rural tourism development in China, however, there are many unsuccessful cases and problems of community participation, which is thought-provoking. This paper bases on the perspective of empowerment theory. This paper analyzes the reasons of community participation in the process of rural tourism development from the political angle, and points out that the lack of community consciousness and community power is the biggest obstacle to the development of rural tourism in China. The psychological, economic, social and political dimensions of empowerment theory are consistent with the principle of sustainable development and progressive. Community participation in the sustainable development of rural tourism should reach the height of community development. In this theoretical framework, this paper discusses the mode of community participation in the sustainable development of rural tourism in China. Between the ideal path and the polarized path, this paper expounds the possible path of community participation in the sustainable development of rural tourism in China, and puts forward some conceptual suggestions for realizing community empowerment in the process of rural tourism development.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F592;D422.6

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