意涵与功能：潍坊风筝的文化解析

发布时间：2018-08-30 10:19

【摘要】：潍坊是一座承载着悠久历史和绚丽文化的古城。潍坊风筝在这座古城的渲染下成为中国风筝的杰出代表,是中国民间文化艺术长河中的一颗璀璨的明珠。有鸢都之称的潍坊市具有独特地理环境和文化环境,这种地理文化条件造就了潍坊风筝的盛名,也给潍坊风筝披上了鲜明的地方特色外衣。潍坊风筝十分具有人类学研究的价值。这种价值主要体现在潍坊风筝的意涵和功能上。潍坊风筝的意涵可以从潍坊风筝的静态和动态两方面入手。潍坊风筝静态方面的意涵,即凝固性的符号意义,指的是潍坊风筝作为静止的民艺物品自身的文化意涵,这就包括了潍坊风筝的造型和题材。潍坊风筝动态方面的意涵,即动态性的符号意义,体现在放风筝这项民俗运动所传达的意涵中。在我国早期社会,放风筝被看做是一种人与天神沟通的巫术仪式。封建社会,放风筝被喻为“放晦气”、“放郁气”。现代社会,放风筝更多的是一种现代的娱乐健身活动。在越来越多的国际性风筝会的推动下,现代放飞的不仅仅是一个小小的风筝,而是一张与外界沟通的名片。潍坊风筝的功能随着历史的更迭而变迁。风筝被创作之初是用于军事的。因此军事功能是风筝最早的功能。隋朝结束了五代十国的混战局面,统一了全国,人民的生活远离了战争的水深火热,生活渐渐稳定下来。加之,造纸成本的降低,纸被大量的用作风筝的制作。潍坊风筝的功能从军事转变成了娱乐。在当时流传的大量诗词中对民间放风筝的场景描述足可以这样判断。后来,伴随着清朝时期商品经济的繁荣和小手工业的发展,潍坊风筝的制作趋于专业化,做工也越来越精致,加之文人对风筝的喜爱加重了风筝的文人气息,使潍坊风筝的内外修养大大提高。这个时期,在原有娱乐功能的基础上,潍坊风筝又增添了审美功能。传统潍坊风筝的功能延续至今(除军事功能),但渐渐的被现代功能淡化。随着潍坊国际风筝节的举办,潍坊风筝成为潍坊市的一张文化名片。因此,促进民族凝聚力和加强海内外沟通的政治功能、.带动潍坊经济飞速发展的经济功能成为了当代潍坊风筝的主要功能。
[Abstract]:Weifang is an ancient city with a long history and splendid culture. Weifang kite has become an outstanding representative of Chinese kite in this ancient city. It is a bright pearl in the long stream of Chinese folk culture and art. Weifang has a unique geographical environment and cultural environment, which makes Weifang kite famous, and it also puts a distinctive coat of local characteristics on Weifang kite. Weifang kites are of great anthropological value. This value is mainly embodied in the meaning and function of Weifang kite. The meaning of Weifang kites can be started from the static and dynamic aspects of Weifang kites. The static meaning of Weifang kite, that is, the symbolic meaning of solidification, refers to the cultural meaning of Weifang kite as a static folk art object, which includes the modeling and subject matter of Weifang kite. The dynamic meaning of kite in Weifang, namely the dynamic symbolic meaning, is embodied in the meaning conveyed by kite flying. In our early society, kite flying was seen as a witchcraft ritual in which man communicated with the gods. In feudal society, kite flying was described as "flying bad luck" and "releasing depression". In modern society, kite flying is more of a modern recreational fitness activity. Driven by a growing number of international kite clubs, modern flying is not just a small kite, but a business card to communicate with the outside world. The function of Weifang kite changes with the change of history. Kites were first created for military purposes. So military function is the earliest function of kite. The Sui Dynasty ended five generations and ten countries fighting, unified the whole country, the people's life far from the war, life gradually stabilized. In addition, the cost of paper is reduced, paper is used for a large number of kite making. The function of Weifang kite changed from military to entertainment. The description of folk kite-flying scenes in a large number of poems circulated at that time can be judged in this way. Later, with the prosperity of commodity economy and the development of small handicraft industry in Qing Dynasty, the production of Weifang kites tended to be specialized, and the workmanship became more and more exquisite, and the literati's love for kites aggravated the literati's breath. Weifang kite culture inside and outside greatly improved. In this period, Weifang kite added aesthetic function on the basis of original entertainment function. The function of traditional Weifang kite continues up to now (except military function), but gradually be desalinated by modern function. With the holding of Weifang International Kite Festival, Weifang kites become a cultural card of Weifang City. Therefore, promote national cohesion and strengthen the political function of communication at home and abroad. The economic function that drives Weifang economy to develop at full speed has become the main function of contemporary Weifang kite.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J528.6

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