河北省不同耕地集约利用水平下的碳排放效率研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 16:21

本文关键词：河北省不同耕地集约利用水平下的碳排放效率研究　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会经济的不断发展,对耕地开发利用广度和深度得到不断扩展,耕地生产效率和生产规模逐步提升。与此同时,耕地利用活动中化肥、农药、电力、化石能源导致的二氧化碳排放量也飞速增长。我国是农业大国,在技术水平相对稳定的状况下,增加碳源势必会导致碳排放规模扩大,研究耕地利用碳排放效率对于控制碳排放,提高农业投入产出率,指导农业合理高效利用有重要意义。国内外关于耕地集约利用与农业碳排放之间的关系未引起更多关注,分析耕地集约利用对碳排放效率影响的研究较少。本文以河北省为例,运用GIS空间分析技术分析了河北省省域内县(市)耕地集约利用度和耕地碳排放效率时空变异特征,然后分析了不同耕地集约利用条件下碳排放效率变化规律,通过研究主要得到以下结论:(1)运用生命周期评价方法筛选碳源,构建碳排放核算体系,测算了河北省1990-2010年耕地利用碳排放量。碳排放强度与碳排放量变化趋势总体上可以分为快速增长期、缓慢增长、增速放缓期三个时期。从其内部构成来看,化肥施用和农业灌溉是耕地碳排放的主要来源。碳排放强度具有较强空间分异性,碳排放强度较高的地区主要位于平原区,坝上高原由于其独特的地形、地貌等因素,碳排放强度较低。(2)从投入和产出两个角度构建了基于投入导向的耕地利用碳排放效率计算模型,并运用maxdea模型,计算了耕地利用碳排放总效率、技术效率和规模效率。1990-2010年耕地碳排放效率一直处于波动状态,并且其值处于较低水平。呈现出“总效率技术效率规模效率”的规律。总效率有效区域主要分布于集中分布于坝上高原与山地丘陵区,该区域在耕地集约利用过程中各项投入和产出规模处于最适状态,经济发展较好的石家庄、邢台和唐山等地区碳排放总效率较低。(3)运用Geo Da空间分析软件探索了耕地集约利用与碳排放效率的空间相关性,并进一步分析了不同耕地集约利用级别的碳排放效率变化规律。1990-2010年河北省耕地集约利用和碳排放总效率呈现出负相关性,局部聚集效应随着时间的推移聚集程度不断增强,集约利用与碳排放效率HL聚集区主要包括石家庄和保定东部以及邯郸的东南部的山前平原区,集约利用与碳排放效率LH聚集区主要包括张家口的大部分地区和承德地区,且随着时间推移,LH聚集区表现为以张家口为中心,向南部和东部扩展的趋势。从耕地碳排放效率平均值在不同集约利用级别的变化上看,随着耕地集约利用级别的上升,各年耕地碳排放效率总体上呈现“耕地集约利用一级区二级区三级区四级区”的趋势。
[Abstract]:With China's economic and social development, the breadth and depth of development and utilization of arable land have been expanding, land production efficiency and production scale increased gradually. At the same time, land use in chemical fertilizer, pesticide, electricity, carbon dioxide emissions of fossil fuels is also growing rapidly. China is a large agricultural country, the technical level is relatively stable under the condition, will inevitably lead to increased carbon carbon emissions scale, study on cultivated land use efficiency of carbon emissions to control carbon emissions, improve agricultural input-output rate, guide the rational and efficient use of agriculture has important significance. At home and abroad on the relationship between carbon emissions and agricultural cultivated land intensive use has attracted more attention, research and Analysis on carbon emissions the efficiency effects of less intensive land use. Taking Hebei Province as an example, using GIS spatial analysis technology of Hebei Province in the county (city) land intensive The cost of cultivated land and the spatial and temporal variability of carbon emission efficiency, and then analyzes the different cultivated land intensive use under the condition of carbon emission efficiency changes, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) screening carbon source by using life cycle assessment, building carbon emissions accounting system, calculated the cultivated land in Hebei province using 1990-2010 carbon emissions. Carbon changes the emission intensity and carbon emissions trend in general can be divided into a period of rapid growth, slow growth, growth slows three periods. The application of chemical fertilizer and agricultural irrigation is the main source of land carbon emissions. Carbon emission intensity has a strong spatial heterogeneity, higher carbon emission intensity areas are mainly located in the plain Bashang plateau region, because of its unique terrain, topography and other factors, the carbon emission intensity is low. (2) from two angles of input and output is constructed using carbon row input oriented based on cultivated land Put the efficiency calculation model, and using the maxdea model, the total carbon emission efficiency of arable land was calculated, the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of.1990-2010 cultivated land carbon emission efficiency has been in a state of fluctuation, and its value is at a low level. Showing the total efficiency of technical efficiency scale efficiency "of the law. The total efficiency of effective area is mainly distributed in the central located in the Bashang Plateau and hilly area, the area of cultivated land intensive use in the input and output in the process of the optimal scale, better economic development of Shijiazhuang, Xingtai and Tangshan and other regions of the total carbon emission efficiency is relatively low. (3) the use of Geo Da space exploration of space correlation and carbon emission efficiency of cultivated land intensive analysis by software, and further analyzes the changing regularity of.1990-2010 carbon emission efficiency level in Hebei Province, the intensive land use and carbon emissions total efficiency in different cultivated land intensive use A negative correlation between the local aggregation effect with time aggregation degree increased, and carbon emission efficiency of HL gathering area including Shijiazhuang and Eastern Baoding and the Piedmont region of Handan in the southeast of intensive use and carbon emission efficiency of LH gathering area mainly includes most of Zhangjiakou area and Chengde area of land intensive use, and with the over time, LH gathering area for the center in Zhangjiakou, extending south and east trend. At the level of the change from the perspective of land intensive utilization of different carbon emission efficiency on average, with the land intensive use level rise, the land carbon emission efficiency showed "a level of cultivated land intensive use area two grade District Three District four district" trend.

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2

【引证文献】