论明清屯田的私有化历程

发布时间：2018-01-13 13:04

本文关键词：论明清屯田的私有化历程　出处：《中国经济史研究》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：明清两代卫所屯田的所有权形态,以雍正五年(1727)至七年的屯田私有化政策为界,之前完全为国有制,之后转以私有制为主。在屯田国有制时期,以宣德十年(1435)至正统二年(1437)"诏免正粮上仓"为界,屯田经营方式可区分为领种制和租佃制两个阶段。在租佃制时期,屯军逐渐拥有屯田的永佃权、田面权,分割、削弱了国家的屯田所有权,对屯田走向私有化起到关键作用。雍正年间,清廷颁布屯田私有化政策,起初试图采用"赎买私有化"的办法,结果遭到各省官民抵制,不得不改为"无偿私有化"。该方案在清代归并州县的卫所屯田中切实推行,只有尚未裁撤的漕运卫所、新建卫所屯田仍然保持国有制属性,禁止买卖。福建省的屯田契约文书展示了屯田交易实态的变迁。
[Abstract]:In Ming and Qing dynasties, the ownership pattern of the two dynasties was divided into five years (1727 years) to seven years (the policy of privatizing the farmland in Yongzheng). Before that, it was the state ownership, then it was transferred to the private ownership, and it was in the period of the tun Tian state ownership. In order to Xuande ten years 1435) to orthodox two years of 14377) "the edict to exempt grain from warehousing" for the boundary, the management mode can be divided into two stages of land management system and tenancy system. In the tenancy system period. Tun army gradually owned the permanent tenancy right, field area right and division, which weakened the country's ownership of the land and played a key role in the privatization of the farmland. Yongzheng Qing Dynasty promulgated the policy of the privatization of the farmland. At first, attempts were made to use the method of "buy-out privatization", which was resisted by provincial officials and people and had to be changed to "free privatization". Only the Caoyun and Health Station, which has not yet been abolished, still maintains the property of state ownership and prohibits buying and selling. The contract documents of Fujian Province show the change of the real state of trade.
【作者单位】：北京大学国家发展研究院;
【分类号】：F329;K248
【正文快照】： (1)毛亦可:《清代前期的屯田数额与田土总数统计》,《清史研究》2016年第1期。(2)胡怀国:《中国传统社会的“国营农场”及其转轨路径——兼论古代屯田的制度背景与演进逻辑》,《中国经济史研究》2015年第5期。(3)王毓铨:《明代的军屯》,北京:中华书局1965年版,第329—342页;张

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