崇仁县土地利用变化分析与土地生态安全评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 01:07

本文关键词：崇仁县土地利用变化分析与土地生态安全评价研究　出处：《东华理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城镇以及工业的快速发展间接引发了生态环境恶化问题,尤其是土地生态环境,人们开始关于这类问题并做了相关的研究。目前对于生态安全的研究都局限于大区域尺度的研究,研究结果只起到了宏观指导作用,关于县域土地生态安全的研究较少。因此,本文选取江西省崇仁县为研究对象,根据2005年、2009年以及2014年的遥感影像,通过遥感图像处理功能和GIS矢量处理获得了崇仁县的土地利用基础数据,通过分析崇仁县2005-2014年的土地利用变化状况,以及采用综合指数法对土地生态安全状况进行评价和分析,根据计算结果分析2005-2014年崇仁县土地生态安全状况并出了相关建议。得到以下结果:(1)土地利用变化通过数据分析可得:2005-2014年崇仁县耕地数量整体呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,建设用地数量在这研究期内一直处于增加状态。林地在研究期内数量呈现出下降的趋势,园地和水域在研究期间数量变化较小。这些数据说明该县土地利用程度在研究期内处于发展初期阶段,但2009-2014年研究后期该县不同地类间的置换频率增加,这应该是由于近年来该县经济社会的不断发展,积极实施新型城镇化、工业化建设等,城镇工矿用地规模持续快速增长,但政府通过相关政策,如低效平缓残次林地开发补充耕地等措施保护了耕地,而且人们对土地的有效利用概念也逐渐加强,能够配合相关政府的耕地保护工作。(2)土地生态安全评价崇仁县2005年、2009年、2014年土地综合生态安全值分别为0.8129、0.8519、0.8287处于较安全的等级,在该等级下的土地生态环境处于良好状态。但2009年和2014年的压力和响应指标均较高,表明2009-2014年人口、经济社会等对土地生态影响较大,为更好的维持土地生态安全可持续,政府应统筹从自然、社会经济、法律政策各个方面进行考虑,采取能够提高和维持社会经济和生态环境保护之间的协调发展的相应对策。(3)土地生态可持续发展建议为了使崇仁县能够维持目前较好的生态环境,实现区域的可持续发展,本文针对土地利用分析以及土地安全评价分析后可能存在的相关问题提出以下建议:1)适度控制人口,缓和人地压力;2)优化地方土地利用结构,维护地方生态安全;3)减少农业污染,发展特色农业;4)增强生态安全保护意识,加大生态环保投资力度;5)建立健全法律法规,完善生态监管体系。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of towns and industries has caused the deterioration of ecological environment, especially the ecological environment of land. At present, the research on ecological security is limited to the large-scale research, the research results only play a macro-guidance role. Therefore, this paper selects Chongren County of Jiangxi Province as the research object, according to the remote sensing images of 2005, 2009 and 2014. The basic data of land use in Chongren County were obtained by remote sensing image processing and GIS vector processing, and the land use change in Chongren County from 2005 to 2014 was analyzed. And the comprehensive index method is used to evaluate and analyze the land ecological security. Based on the results of calculation, the paper analyzes the ecological security of land in Chongren County from 2005 to 2014 and gives some suggestions. The following results are obtained: 1). Land use change through data analysis can be concluded that the total number of cultivated land in Chongren County from 2005 to 2014 showed a trend of first decreasing and then rising. The quantity of construction land has been increasing during the period of study, and the amount of forest land has shown a downward trend during the period of study. The amount of garden land and water area changed little during the study period. These data indicate that the land use degree of the county is in the early stage of development during the study period. But in the late period of 2009-2014, the replacement frequency of different land types in the county increased, which should be due to the continuous development of economy and society in recent years, the active implementation of new urbanization, industrialization construction and so on. The scale of urban industrial and mining land continues to grow rapidly, but the government has protected the cultivated land through related policies, such as low efficiency and gentle residual forest land development to supplement cultivated land, and the concept of effective use of land has been gradually strengthened. Evaluation of Land Ecological Security in Chongren County on 2005, 2009 and 2014, the land comprehensive ecological security values were 0.8129 respectively. The soil ecological environment is in good condition under 0.8519 ~ 0.8287, but the pressure and response index are higher in 2009 and 2014. It shows that the population, economy and society will have a great impact on the land ecology in 2009-2014. In order to maintain the sustainable land ecological security, the government should take the natural and social economy as an overall plan. Consider all aspects of legal policy. Take the corresponding countermeasures to improve and maintain the coordinated development between social economy and ecological environment protection. (3) Land ecological sustainable development in order to enable Chongren County to maintain the current better ecological environment. In order to realize the sustainable development of the region, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: (1) moderate control of population to ease the pressure of man and land in view of the problems that may exist after land use analysis and land security evaluation analysis; 2) optimizing local land use structure and maintaining local ecological security; 3) reducing agricultural pollution and developing characteristic agriculture; 4) strengthening the consciousness of ecological security protection and increasing the investment of ecological environment protection; 5) establish and improve laws and regulations and improve the ecological supervision system.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826;F301.2

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