退耕还林、非农就业与农民增收——基于21省面板数据的双重差分分析

发布时间：2018-01-14 23:17

本文关键词：退耕还林、非农就业与农民增收——基于21省面板数据的双重差分分析　出处：《经济研究》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：退耕还林工程实施的最初目的在于遏制水土流失,但因同时影响农户收入和就业方式而具有经济效应。本文利用2006—2010年间国家统计局贫困监测调查数据,旨在评估退耕还林在农民增收、非农就业和扶贫开发等方面的政策效果。研究发现,首先,退耕还林后,包括退耕还林补贴在内的农民收入与退耕还林前相比有所增长,但如果不计退耕还林补贴,农户退耕后非农收入的增长刚好弥补因耕地减少而导致的收入损失,增收效果暂不明显;其次,从整体来看,退耕还林补贴主要集中于低收入农户,因此明显降低了农村居民收入的不平等程度;再次,在退耕后农户的就业取向上,不同收入群体之间存在显著差异,高收入农户倾向于从事林牧渔业经营活动,而中等收入农户倾向于外出务工,差异的产生与人群组间的内在特征有关;此外,工程暂且无法吸引退耕村非退耕户从事非农就业,带动效应不显著;最后,项目的脱贫效果随贫困标准的不同而存在差异,总体而言,脱贫效果显著。尽管农户增收主要来源于退耕补贴,但考虑其生态保护效应、非农就业促进效应、收入分配效应以及扶贫效应,退耕还林工程应当予以持续。在此过程中,如何促使退耕户实现稳定的非农就业,避免退耕户复垦是制度完善的关键。
[Abstract]:The initial purpose of the project is to curb soil erosion. However, it has economic effect because of the influence of farmers' income and employment mode. This paper uses the survey data of poverty monitoring of the National Bureau of Statistics from 2006 to 2010 to evaluate the income of farmers in returning farmland to forestry. The study found that, first of all, after returning farmland to forestry, the income of farmers, including subsidies for returning farmland to forests, increased compared with that before returning farmland to forests. However, if the subsidy for returning farmland to forest is excluded, the increase of non-agricultural income of farmers after returning farmland can make up for the loss of income caused by the decrease of cultivated land, and the effect of income increase is not obvious for the time being; Secondly, from the overall point of view, subsidies for returning farmland to forests are mainly concentrated on low-income farmers, so the income inequality of rural residents is obviously reduced. Thirdly, there are significant differences among different income groups in the employment orientation of farmers after returning farmland. High income farmers tend to engage in forestry, pastoral fishery management activities, while middle income farmers tend to go out to work. The differences are related to the internal characteristics of the population groups. In addition, the project is unable to attract non-returning households to engage in non-agricultural employment for the time being, and the driving effect is not significant. Finally, the poverty alleviation effect of the project is different with the different poverty standards. In general, the poverty relief effect is remarkable. Although the farmers' income mainly comes from the subsidy of returning farmland, the ecological protection effect is considered. Non-agricultural employment promotion effect, income distribution effect and poverty alleviation effect, the project of returning farmland to forest should be sustained. In the process, how to promote the returning of farmland households to achieve stable non-agricultural employment. The key to the perfection of the system is to avoid reclaiming farmland.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学财政金融学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(“寻找缩小我国居民收入差距的最有效手段”,项目编号:71473257)的资助
【分类号】：F249.2;F323.6;F326.2
【正文快照】： 一、引言改革开放30余年,中国经历着深远的社会变革,尽管经济总量持续高速增长,但同时也暴露出诸多问题,环境恶化、资源枯竭、收入分配不均等问题制约着中国经济、社会的进一步发展。其中生态问题尤为尖锐,灾害频发、水土流失、土地沙化、肥力下降,影响到百姓生活的方方面面

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