甘肃省苜蓿产业的现状与发展对策

发布时间：2018-01-18 13:17

本文关键词：甘肃省苜蓿产业的现状与发展对策　出处：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)作为世界和我国种植最广泛的优良豆科牧草,在国家食物安全和生态安全等方面发挥着日益重要的作用。甘肃省素有种植紫花苜蓿的优良传统,近年来,更是得到了长足的发展,现已成为我国种植面积最大的省份。本研究以甘肃省酒泉、张掖、金昌、白银、兰州、甘南、定西、平凉、庆阳等市州24家具有代表性的苜蓿生产与加工企业和120户农户为研究对象,实地调查了解了企业与农户苜蓿生产的现状以及存在问题,据此提出了甘肃省苜蓿产业发展的相应对策。所获主要结果如下：1、甘肃省苜蓿产业经营模式对于农户来说主要是分散种植模式、调查的企业经营模式可分为两种,分别是单一种植模式和种植+养殖模式,其中第一种为主体经营模式,占调查企业总数的85.7%。2、在研究条件下,企业的苜蓿产量和收益在灌溉条件下较旱作更有优势。灌溉条件下,每年可收割3-4茬,干草平均产量达15000/hm2,平均成本12600元/hm2,收入30450元/hm2,纯收益达17805元/hm2；旱作条件下每年仅收割2茬,产量7500kg/hm2左右,平均成本2625元/hm2,收入12750元/hm2,纯收益为10125元/hm2。3、调查的24家企业只生产草捆有12家,占比50%;只生产草粉的有2家,占比8.33%；生产草捆和草颗粒系列产品的有3家,占比12.5%；生产草捆和草粉系列产品的有2家,占比8.33%；生产草捆、草颗粒、草粉系列产品的有4家,占比16.67%；草捆、草颗粒、草块、草粉四种产品均生产的企业仅有1家,占比4.17%。4、苜蓿粗蛋白含量18%以上的7家企业均位于河西；而河东地区苜蓿品质相对较低,粗蛋白含量从12%-18%不等,粗蛋白含量16%以下的企业中94%均位于河东。5、农民种植苜蓿的成本与收益因地区而异。甘肃省会宁县旱作条件下苜蓿种植成本远低于其他农作物,仅为1800元/hm2,纯收益为2700元/hm2,大于小麦的2550元/hm2,但却小于玉米的4500元/hm2和马铃薯的10350元/hm2；在河西走廊灌溉条件下种植苜蓿成本高与旱作条件时的苜蓿种植成本,但仍小于其他农作物,达5100元/hm2,纯收益处于中游,为8400元/hm2,大于小麦的8250元/hm2和大麦的4410元/hm2,小于马铃薯的19500元/hm2。6、甘肃省苜蓿产业存在的主要问题：政策支持力度较小、缺乏统一的苜蓿质量体系、企业深加工能力较差、产业化水平低、草畜一体化进程低、缺乏牧草信息化服务平台以及农户种植苜蓿的比较效益较低。7、甘肃省苜蓿产业发展对策建议：加强政府政策支持力度、建立统一的苜蓿质量体系标准、科学规划生产模式、大力发展牧草专业合作社、建设苜蓿信息化服务平台。
[Abstract]:Medicago sativa is the most widely cultivated legume forage in the world and China. It plays an increasingly important role in national food security and ecological security. Gansu Province has a good tradition of planting alfalfa, but in recent years, it has been greatly developed. Jiuquan, Zhangye, Jinchang, Baiyin, Lanzhou, Gannan, Dingxi, Pingliang were studied in this study. Qingyang and other cities 24 representative alfalfa production and processing enterprises and 120 farmers as the research object, field investigation to understand the current situation and problems of alfalfa production of enterprises and farmers. Accordingly, the corresponding countermeasures of alfalfa industry development in Gansu province were put forward. The main results were as follows: 1. The management mode of alfalfa industry in Gansu province was mainly distributed planting pattern for farmers. There are two types of business models in the investigation, one is the single planting model and the other is the cultivation model, the first is the main business model, which accounts for 85.70.2. under the research conditions. The yield and income of alfalfa are better in irrigation than in dry farming. Under irrigation condition, 3-4 crops can be harvested every year, and the average yield of hay is 15 000 / hm ~ 2. The average cost is 12600 yuan / hm ~ (2), the income is 30450 yuan / hm ~ (2), the net income is 17805 yuan / / hm ~ (2); Under the condition of dry farming, only two crops are harvested every year, the yield is about 7500 kg / hm ~ 2, the average cost is 2,625 yuan / hm ~ 2, and the income is 12750 yuan / hm ~ 2. The net income was 10125 yuan / hm ~ (2. 3), and only 12 of the 24 enterprises surveyed produced bales of grass, accounting for 50%; There were only 2 plants producing grass powder, accounting for 8.33%. The production of straw bundles and grass granules series of products there are 3, accounting for 12.5% of the total; The production of straw bundles and grass powder series of products there are 2, accounting for 8.33; The production of straw bundles, grass granules, grass powder series of products there are 4, accounting for 16.67m; There was only one enterprise producing four kinds of products, including bales, grass granules, grass blocks and grass powder, accounting for 4.17.4%. The 7 enterprises with crude protein content of alfalfa above 18% were all located in Hexi. The quality of alfalfa in Hedong area was relatively low, the crude protein content ranged from 12% to 18%. 94% of the enterprises with crude protein content below 16% were located in Hedong. 5. The cost and income of alfalfa planting varied with different regions. The cost of alfalfa planting was much lower than that of other crops under dry cultivation condition in Huining County Gansu Province. It was only 1800 yuan / hm ~ 2 and the net income was 2700 yuan / hm ~ 2. It is larger than wheat $2550 / hm ~ (2), but smaller than corn's $4,500 / hm ~ (2) and potato's $10350 / hm ~ (2). Under the irrigation condition of Hexi Corridor, the cost of alfalfa planting is high and the cost of alfalfa planting under dry condition is still lower than that of other crops, reaching 5100 yuan / hm ~ (2). The net income is in the middle reaches. It was 8400 yuan / hm ~ (2), more than 8250 yuan / hm ~ (2) of wheat and 4410 yuan / hm ~ (2) of barley, and less than 19500 yuan / hm ~ (2) of potato. The main problems of alfalfa industry in Gansu province are: less policy support, lack of unified alfalfa quality system, poor deep processing ability, low industrialization level and low integration process of grass and livestock. Lack of forage information service platform and farmers planting alfalfa comparative benefits are low, Gansu Province alfalfa industry development countermeasures: strengthen government policy support, establish a unified alfalfa quality system standards. Scientific planning production model, vigorously developing professional cooperatives, building alfalfa information service platform.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.12

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