新型城镇化对城镇土地集约利用的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 19:55

  本文选题：新型城镇化 + 产城融合　； 参考：《湖南大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：城镇化是现代化的必由之路。土地作为城市经济活动的空间载体,无论是产业结构升级还是要素的集聚,均有赖于土地的重新配置来实现。然而,与当前美欧、日本等发达国家推行土地集约利用的城镇化模式相比,中国快速城镇化所蓄积的经济社会问题愈发突出。例如,一些地区城市边界无序蔓延,用地效率极为低下。再如,优质耕地资源被大量侵蚀,严重威胁中国粮食和生态安全。此外,强征土地侵害农民利益,土地纠纷愈加突出,社会矛盾加剧。有鉴于此,2013年12月,中央城镇化工作会议提出将以人为本作为新型城镇化的核心内容,将提高城镇建设用地利用效率作为新型城镇化推进的主要内容,进一步凸显了走新型城镇化道路、促进土地集约利用的必要性和紧迫性。一直以来,我国政府与学者针对城镇化过程中土地利用低效问题表现出极大地关注与兴趣,关于城镇化过程中如何促进土地集约利用由此成为大家关注的焦点和研究的热点。理论上而言,城镇化总体上是有利于土地集约利用的,但目前我国大多数研究均表明,传统城镇化是造成土地低效利用的重要症结。因此,在我国推进新型城镇化的大背景下,研究新型城镇化对我国城镇土地集约利用的影响机理,不仅有益于找到城镇化过程中土地粗放利用的原因,而且对积极稳妥推进新型城镇化,促进城镇化提质增效和统筹土地集约利用都具有重要理论和现实意义。纵观以往关于新型城镇化与土地集约利用的文献,国内外学者基于不同角度,适用不同方法,关注不同层面对我国城镇化影响土地集约利用问题进行了深入的研究。但从上述文献主要存在以下三个问题。其一,以往文献更多关注于从传统城镇化视角来考察土地集约利用问题。事实上,城镇化进程其实质也是经济结构、社会结构和空间结构变迁的过程,与传统城镇化相比,以人为核心的新型城镇化更加关注产城融合、城乡一体和空间相互关联。而产城融合、城乡一体和空间关联也正是新型城镇化过程中经济、社会、空间结构变迁时所理应赋予的内涵,其三者相辅相成,统一于新型城镇化的演变中。因此,考虑新型城镇化特征来研究城镇土地集约利用问题更具现实性和借鉴意义。其二,既有关于城镇土地集约利用的研究成果对解释中国土地集约利用现状进行了很好的描述,但既有定量测算土地集约利用的研究在指标的选取上缺乏理论依据,其结论自然值得商榷。其三,以往大多数文献忽略了邻域空间相互作用的影响。土地作为空间经济活动的载体,仅局限于考察本地区的经济、社会及地理因素是不够的,还需关注周边城市间经济、社会等因素的交互作用及影响。因此,研究城镇化过程中土地利用问题时考虑区域间空间因素具有一定的必要性。基于此,与既有研究不同,本文将以城市经济结构—社会结构—空间结构变迁为主线,通过构建思路清晰、逻辑严密的新型城镇化与土地利用的分析框架,从产城融合、城乡一体、空间关联三个方面来探讨新型城镇化影响土地集约利用的微观机制以及整体影响效应,重点考虑了以下三个方面的内容:第一,通过梳理有关文献,针对城镇化影响土地集约利用的传导机制进行详细分析;第二,系统总结现有关于土地集约利用的理论形态基础上,结合现有相关文献和频度分析统计法选择了一套能够凸显土地集约利用属性的中国城市土地集约利用指标体系,并运用动态全局主成分分析测度城镇土地集约利用水平,在理论上更具说服力;第三,将空间效应纳入土地集约利用的内在驱动机制,考虑了相邻区域以及经济联系的城市化和建设用地之间的相互影响问题,采用空间计量技术进行实证研究。与此同时,空间权重矩阵的选取综合考虑了地理信息与经济特征,基于引力模型思想构建综合权重矩阵,可以较好地反映出变量作用随空间距离连续衰减的规律。兼顾新型城镇化特征与土地空间作用机制,我们对本文所构建的面板模型进行了多角度的实证分析,研究发现:(1)中国城镇土地集约利用存在着显著的正向空间自相关性,且新型城镇化和城镇土地集约利用的空间格局具有较大的相似性和集聚演化趋势的同步性;新型城镇化可以有效促进城镇土地集约利用。(2)考虑经济结构变迁时,在当前城市与产业配置方式中,产业多样化经济对土地集约利用提升具有显著的正效应,而产业专业化经济还不具有这一功效;就中国城镇化而言,城市集聚方式对土地集约利用的影响还取决于城市规模的大小,且受到城市与产业协调程度的约束。(3)考虑社会结构变迁时,城乡一体化水平提高有利于促进城镇土地集约利用。分区域层面来看,东、中、西三大地区存在明显差异:城乡一体化的深入推进对提高东部、中部城镇土地集约利用水平存在积极效应,且中部地区的影响程度强于东部地区,但对西部地区的影响并不显著。城乡一体化指数的空间滞后项表明无论在全国层面还是区域层面,尚未找到城乡一体化存在着空间溢出效应的经验证据。(4)考虑空间结构变迁时,无论是区际研发的技术溢出效应还是区际沟通技术溢出效应对城市土地集约的作用均具有明显促进作用;国内、国际市场均对城市土地利用产生了明显的规模经济效应,有效提升了城市土地集约利用水平,且国际国内市场对土地集约利用具有联动效应。无论是何种规模的城市,区际研发技术溢出效应和国内市场的空间分布均对城镇土地集约利用具有显著的正向影响,而区际沟通技术外溢的土地集约效应在大、中、小城市显著为正而在特大城市不显著,而只有大城市土地集约利用水平在国际市场的空间强化效应下具有显著的正向作用。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is the only way to modernize. As the space carrier of urban economic activities, land is reconfigured to realize whether it is the upgrading of the industrial structure or the agglomeration of the elements. However, compared with the urbanization mode of the intensive use of land in the developed countries such as the United States, Europe and Japan, China's rapid urbanization is accumulated. The economic and social problems are becoming more and more prominent. For example, the urban boundary in some regions is spreading out of order, and the efficiency of land use is extremely low. Again, the high quality arable land is heavily eroded, which seriously threatens China's grain and ecological security. In addition, the land disputes are violating the interests of the farmers, the land disputes are increasingly out and the social contradictions are aggravated. In view of this, December 2013, the Central Committee The urbanization work conference proposed that the core content of the new urbanization is people-oriented, and the improvement of the utilization efficiency of urban construction land use is the main content of the new urbanization, which further highlights the necessity and urgency of taking the new urbanization road and promoting the intensive use of land. The low efficiency of land utilization in the process of urbanization shows great concern and interest. How to promote the intensive use of land in the process of urbanization has become the focus of attention and a hot spot of research. In theory, urbanization is generally beneficial to the intensive use of land, but most of the studies in our country show that traditional urbanization is at present. It is an important crux for the inefficient use of land. Therefore, under the background of promoting the new urbanization in China, the study of the influence mechanism of the new urbanization on the intensive use of urban land is not only beneficial to the reason of the extensive use of land in the process of urbanization, but also to promote the new urbanization and promote the urbanization. Increasing efficiency and coordinating land intensive use are of great theoretical and practical significance. Looking at the literature on new urbanization and intensive land use in the past, scholars at home and abroad, based on different angles, apply different methods and pay close attention to the different layers on the impact of urbanization on the intensive use of land in China. The following three problems should exist. First, the previous literature pays more attention to the intensive use of land from the perspective of traditional urbanization. In fact, the process of urbanization is essentially economic structure, the process of social structure and spatial structure changes, compared with the traditional urbanization, the new urbanization with human core is more concerned with the integration of production cities. The integration of urban and rural areas and space are interrelated, and the integration of production cities, the integration of urban and rural areas and the spatial correlation are also the connotations that the economic, social and spatial structure should endow during the new urbanization process, which are complementary to each other in the evolution of the new urbanization. Therefore, the intensive use of urban land is considered by the new urbanization characteristics. Secondly, the research results about the intensive use of urban land have been well described in the explanation of the current situation of the intensive use of land in China, but there is a lack of theoretical basis for the quantitative estimation of the intensive use of land in the selection of indicators. As a carrier of spatial economic activities, land is limited to the economic, social and geographical factors of the region, and the interaction and influence of the economic and social factors in the surrounding cities. Therefore, the study of land use in the process of urbanization takes into account the region. Spatial factors have certain necessity. Based on this, different from the existing research, this paper will take the urban economic structure social structure and space structure as the main line, through the construction of a new model of urbanization and land use, which is clear and logical, and discusses the new type of new type of urban integration, urban and rural integration, and spatial correlation in three aspects. Urbanization affects the micro mechanism of land intensive use and the overall impact effect, focusing on the following three aspects: first, through the combing of relevant documents, the transmission mechanism of urbanization affecting land intensive use is analyzed in detail. Second, the systematic summary is based on the theoretical form of intensive land use. The existing relevant literature and frequency analysis and statistics method selected a set of Chinese urban land intensive use index system which can highlight the attribute of land intensive use, and use dynamic global principal component analysis to measure the level of urban land intensive use, in theory more convincing. Third, the space effect is integrated into the inner land intensive use. The driving mechanism, taking into account the interaction between the adjacent areas and the urbanization and the construction land, uses the spatial measurement technology to carry out empirical research. At the same time, the selection of the spatial weight matrix comprehensively considers the geographical information and the economic characteristics, and builds the comprehensive weight matrix based on the gravitational model thought, which can be better. It reflects the law of continuous attenuation of variable action with space distance. Taking into account the new urbanization characteristics and the mechanism of land space action, we have carried out a multi angle empirical analysis on the panel model constructed in this paper. The study finds that: (1) there is a significant positive spatial autocorrelation in the intensive use of urban land in China, and the new urbanization and city is a new city. The spatial pattern of intensive land use in town has great similarity and synchronism of agglomeration evolution trend; new urbanization can effectively promote the intensive use of urban land. (2) considering the changes of economic structure, in the current urban and industrial allocation mode, the industrial diversification economy has a significant positive effect on the promotion of intensive land use. The industrial specialization economy does not have this effect yet; as far as China's urbanization is concerned, the influence of urban agglomeration on the intensive use of land depends on the size of the city and is constrained by the degree of coordination between the city and the industry. (3) the improvement of the integration level of urban and rural areas is beneficial to the intensive use of urban land when considering the changes in the social structure. There are obvious differences between the three regions in the East, middle and West Regions: the deepening of urban and rural integration has a positive effect on improving the level of intensive use of land in the eastern and central cities, and the impact of the central region is stronger than that in the eastern region, but the impact on the western region is not significant. The spatial lag term of the urban and rural integration index indicates that the spatial lag term of the urban and rural integration index is shown. No matter at the national level or the regional level, there is no empirical evidence for the spatial spillover effect of the urban and rural integration. (4) when the spatial structure changes, both the technology spillover effects and the interregional communication technology spillover effects on the urban land intensive use are obviously promoted; the domestic and international markets are all The obvious scale economic effect has been produced in urban land use, which has effectively promoted the level of intensive use of urban land, and the international and domestic market has a linkage effect on the intensive use of land. There is a positive effect on the land intensive effect of interregional communication technology spillover in large, small cities and small cities which are not significant in megacities, but only the level of intensive use of land in large cities has a significant positive effect on the spatial intensification effect of international market.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2
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本文编号：1849079