农村集体经营性建设用地市场化问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 21:43

本文选题：土地制度 + 集体经营性建设用地　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放至今,我国经济快速发展,城镇建设对土地需求不断扩大,土地配置方式从一开始的“无偿划拨”转变为现今的“招、拍、挂”为主的有偿出让。党的十八届三中全会确定了农村集体经营性建设用地的流转政策,即通过流转逐步实现农村集体经营性建设用地市场化。本文以农村集体经营性建设用地市场化过程中遇到的制度性障碍为切入点,探索农村集体经营性建设用地市场化过程中问题的解决办法。本文通过对我国农村集体经营性建设用地流转的现状分析和实地调研,归纳出我国农村集体经营性建设用地流转过程存在的主要问题:一是农村集体经营性建设用地权属比较分散,流转土地规模都不大,开发利用难以形成整合效益和规模效益;二是收益分配机制不健全,流转所得收益的分配普遍存在不公开、不公平和不统一现象,农民对集体经营性建设用地流转的积极性不高;三是农村集体作为市场主体难以适应市场要求,他们缺少市场竞争所需的法人地位、先进的经营理念和科学的管理方法,农村集体经营性建设用地流转难以达到预期的经济效益和优化配置土地的目的;四是农村集体经营性建设用地市场监管体系不完善,存在市场监管不到位等问题。针对上面的问题,本文以市场经济理论和土地产权理论为指导深入分析其产生的原因,认为农村土地制度的不完善是导致上述问题的根本原因。首先,历史上形成的“乡、村、队,三级所有,队为基础”的形式,使得我国农村集体经营性建设用地大多分散在各村各队,流转也就各自为战,难以通过市场形成整合效益、规模效益;其次,市场交易的主体是法人和自然人,而我国农村集体经济组织的法人地位不明确,导致农村集体经济组织在集体建设用地流转过程中难以适应市场的要求,在经营管理等方面出现了问题;再次,历史上土地作为生产资料形成的收益分配方式已经不适应市场的要求,难于调动农民土地流转的积极性;最后,农村集体经营性建设用地市场发育的不成熟,缺少相应的监督体系。基于前面的分析本文提出了集体经营性建设用地市场化的思路和建议:一是建立统一的以乡集体经济组织为基础的农村集体经营性建设用地所有制结构,以乡级为单位科学合理的规划乡内集体经营性建设用地,提高农村集体经营性建设用地的整合效益和规模效益;二是成立集体经济组织的法人实体,以适应市场的要求;三是将一定期限的农村集体经营性建设用地的使用权财产性权益股份化,并以此作为收益分配的基础,形成收益按持股比例进行分配的方式;四是在强化市场监管等方面提出了完善集体经营性建设用地市场监管体系的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the economy of our country has developed rapidly, the demand for land in urban construction has been expanding, and the way of land allocation has changed from the "free transfer" at the beginning to the current "recruiting, shooting, hanging" paid transfer. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee established the policy of circulation of rural collective management construction land, that is, gradually realizing the marketization of rural collective management construction land through circulation. Based on the institutional obstacles encountered in the process of marketization of rural collective management construction land, this paper explores the solutions to the problems in the process of marketization of rural collective management construction land. Based on the analysis of the current situation and field investigation of the rural collective management construction land circulation in China, The main problems in the transfer process of rural collective management construction land in China are summarized as follows: first, the ownership of rural collective management construction land is relatively scattered, the scale of land circulation is not large, and the development and utilization are difficult to form integrated benefits and scale benefits; Second, the income distribution mechanism is not perfect, the distribution of the income from the circulation is generally not open, unfair and inconsistent phenomenon, the enthusiasm of farmers to the collective operating construction land transfer is not high; Third, as the main body of the market, the rural collectives are unable to adapt to the requirements of the market. They lack the legal person status, advanced management concepts and scientific management methods required by the market competition. The circulation of rural collective management construction land is difficult to achieve the expected economic benefits and optimize the allocation of land. Fourth, the market supervision system of rural collective management construction land is not perfect, and the market supervision is not in place. In view of the above problems, this paper, guided by the theory of market economy and the theory of land property rights, deeply analyzes the causes of the above problems, and thinks that the imperfection of the rural land system is the fundamental reason leading to the above problems. First of all, the historical form of "township, village, team, three-level ownership, team-based" causes most of the rural collective management construction land in our country to be scattered in various villages and teams, so that the circulation will also go to war on its own, and it is difficult to form integrated benefits through the market. Secondly, the main body of market transaction is legal person and natural person, but the legal person status of rural collective economic organization in our country is not clear, so it is difficult for rural collective economic organization to adapt to the requirements of market in the process of collective construction land circulation. There are problems in management and management. Thirdly, the income distribution mode formed by land as a means of production in history has been unable to meet the requirements of the market, and it is difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers' land circulation. Rural collective construction land market development immature, lack of corresponding supervision system. Based on the previous analysis, this paper puts forward some ideas and suggestions for marketization of collective operating construction land. First, it is necessary to establish a unified ownership structure of rural collective operating construction land based on rural collective economic organizations. Scientific and reasonable planning of the rural collective management construction land in order to improve the integration and scale benefit of the rural collective management construction land, the second is to set up the legal entity of collective economic organization to meet the requirements of the market; Third, demutualize the property rights and interests of the rural collective operating construction land for a certain period, and take it as the basis of income distribution, and form the way of income distribution according to shareholding ratio; Fourth, it puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to perfect the market supervision system of collective management construction land in the aspects of strengthening market supervision.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.3

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