金枪鱼产品贸易中壁垒问题及其对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 04:54

本文选题：金枪鱼 + 贸易壁垒　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：每年在全球金枪鱼捕捞量中约42%进入国际贸易领域,对于某些国家来说贸易量的巨大必定冲击其本国金枪鱼渔业产业的发展。此外,为实现全球金枪鱼渔业的可持续发展,打击非法、不报告和不受管制的捕捞活动,市场措施和港口国措施相继被提出,并且以不同的形式出现于各种国际条约中。其中,市场措施作为终端管理措施已成为区域渔业管理组织管理和养护金枪鱼资源的重要手段之一。因此,以保护本国金枪鱼产业为目的的WTO法律框架下的贸易壁垒和资源养护为目的的市场措施成为了金枪鱼贸易中的主要壁垒,表现形式可包括区域渔业管理组织市场措施、市场国市场措施、关税壁垒、技术性贸易壁垒、行业壁垒等。以上金枪鱼贸易中的壁垒均已得到了世界主要金枪鱼市场国的具体实践和发展。通过研究上述壁垒的法律条文,了解市场措施和WTO中贸易限制被使用的法律约束和相互关联,对于打破金枪鱼贸易壁垒具有重要的意义,且本文通过两起金枪鱼案的分析证实了此观点。我国虽然是金枪鱼捕捞大国且金枪鱼渔业发展迅速,但主要依赖于海外市进行金枪鱼贸易,且市场占有率较低。国内市场虽前景广阔,却因种种因素尚未开拓。贸易中壁垒成为阻碍我国金枪鱼产品国内外贸易的主要因素。其中,国际贸易中的主要壁垒有合法捕捞配额少、歧视性贸易壁垒、渔船和加工厂认证壁垒、行业壁垒;国内贸易中壁垒包括金枪鱼价格过高、质量较低、营销渠道单一。本文通过分析我国企业金枪鱼贸易中壁垒形成的原因,了解相关国际法规、行业实际情况以及我国政府对远洋渔业实际支持的政策,找出解决贸易中壁垒的方法。方法主要涵盖以下三个方面:(1)企业积极利用国际相关法律维护自身权益,政府加强国际资源养护合作提高配额。(2)政府在技术性贸易壁垒方面提供技术支持和资金援助。(3)企业决策者改变市场观念,积极应对壁垒,开拓市场。其中,企业决策者观念是关键,政府援助和法律援引是辅助。最后,本文针对我国远洋渔业发展中存在的问题提出,加强我国远洋渔船的监管、杜绝IUU捕捞、准确渔业数据上报,对提高我国在资源养护中的履约能力意义非常重大。提高我国的履约能力,从而进一步树立我国负责任渔业大国的形象,提升我国在区域渔业组织中的话语权,获得更多的合法配额。
[Abstract]:Every year, about 42% of the global tuna catch goes into the field of international trade. For some countries, the huge amount of trade is bound to impact the development of their own tuna fishery industry. In addition, in order to achieve the sustainable development of global tuna fisheries and to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, market and port State measures have been proposed one after another and appear in different forms in various international treaties. Among them, market measures as terminal management measures have become one of the important means for regional fisheries management organizations to manage and conserve tuna resources. Thus, market measures aimed at trade barriers and resource conservation within the framework of the WTO law aimed at protecting the domestic tuna industry have become the main barriers in tuna trade, which may take the form of market measures by regional fisheries management organizations, Market measures, tariff barriers, technical barriers to trade, industry barriers, etc. All the barriers to tuna trade have been developed by the world's major tuna market countries. By studying the legal provisions of the above-mentioned barriers and understanding the legal constraints and interrelationships between market measures and the use of trade restrictions in the WTO, it is of great significance to break down the barriers to trade in tuna. The analysis of two tuna cases confirms this view. Although China is a big tuna fishing country and tuna fishery develops rapidly, it mainly relies on overseas markets for tuna trade, and its market share is low. Although the domestic market is promising, but due to a variety of factors have not yet been developed. Barriers to trade have become the main factor hindering the domestic and foreign trade of tuna products in China. Among them, the main barriers in international trade include less legal fishing quotas, discriminatory trade barriers, fishing vessel and processing plant certification barriers, industry barriers; domestic trade barriers include high price of tuna, low quality, single marketing channels. Based on the analysis of the reasons for the formation of barriers in tuna trade in Chinese enterprises, this paper finds out the ways to solve the barriers in trade by understanding the relevant international laws and regulations, the actual situation of the industry and the policy of our government's actual support to the offshore fishery. The method mainly covers the following three aspects: 1) Enterprises actively use relevant international laws to safeguard their own rights and interests. The government strengthens the international resources conservation cooperation to raise the quota. 2) the government provides the technical support and the fund assistance in the technical barrier to trade. 3) the enterprise decision maker changes the market idea, positively responds to the barrier, develops the market. Among them, the concept of enterprise decision-maker is the key, government aid and legal reference are auxiliary. Finally, in view of the problems existing in the development of China's ocean-going fisheries, this paper puts forward that strengthening the supervision of China's ocean-going fishing vessels, putting an end to IUU fishing, and reporting accurate fishery data are of great significance to improving our country's ability to comply with the law in the conservation of resources. Improve our country's ability to fulfill the contract, thus further establish the image of our country's responsible fishery power, promote our country's right of speech in regional fishery organization, obtain more legal quota.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.4;F752.02

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