重庆沙坪坝区耕地利用效率研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 20:45

本文选题：耕地利用效率 + 数据包络分析法　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：耕地作为我国最宝贵的资源,是最基本的农业生产要素,能否得到有效利用事关粮食安全和社会经济发展。改革开放以来,随着工业化、城镇化进程的加快,大量耕地被建设占用,耕地数量严重流失。目前,我国正处于传统农业向现代农业转型的重要时期,耕地低效甚至非农化利用现象普遍存在,耕地资源配置和粮食安全面临严峻挑战。从多角度分析耕地利用效率及其影响因素,探讨差异化的耕地资源保护和利用策略,有助于保障国家粮食安全及解决“三农”问题。为探讨多元化需求背景下都市耕地资源可持续利用和保护的可行性对策,本文以重庆大都市区沙坪坝区为例,从宏微观两个层面对耕地利用效率进行了研究。首先,运用DEA模型和Tobit模型从宏观层面研究沙坪坝区2006-2015年耕地利用效率时空分异及其影响因素;其次,基于研究区3个镇9个村共计167个耕地利用主体实地调研结果,借助DEAP2.1和Eviews6.0软件,研究微观用地主体农户的耕地利用效率及其影响因素。最后,在宏微观实证研究的基础上,提出不同区域不同主体耕地利用效率的优化路径及差异化耕地保护的政策建议,对保障国家粮食安全及解决“三农”问题具有重要意义。主要研究结论如下:(1)2006-2015年间,研究区耕地利用效率呈现“先上升后下降又上升再下降”的总体态势。耕地效率的这些变化与耕地产值、耕地复种指数、人均耕地面积、有效灌溉率、呈正相关关系,而与城市化水平呈负相关。(2)沙坪坝区各功能地利用效率空间差异显著。以区域耕地利用效率的相近性为划分原则可将研究区划分为高、中、低效率区,其中,中梁镇、回龙坝镇、凤凰镇及曾家镇为低效率区;土主镇、青木关镇及歌乐山镇为中度效率区;陈家桥、虎溪、西永、井口及覃家岗街道为高效率区。其利用效率高低与各区域内部的自然环境、农业产业发展等因素密切相关。(3)研究区主要存在自足型、平衡型、增利型三种农户类型,不同类型农户耕地利用效率各不相同。根据农户从事农业生产的动机及家庭特征差异,将调查样本农户划分为自足型、平衡型、增利型农户;在归纳总结不同类型农户的耕地利用行为特征的基础上,定量化分析不同类型农户的耕地利用效率,其耕地利用综合效率值由高到低排序为增利型平衡型自足型。(4)不同类型农户耕地利用效率的主要影响因素不同。农业劳动力年龄、农业劳动力受教育程度、家庭农业收入比例是影响农户耕地利用效率的普遍因素,但不是主要因素,其中,增利型农户耕地利用效率的主要影响因素是农业生产技术、农产品置销渠道以及耕地经营规模,而对自足型、平衡型农户而言,耕地离住家距离、耕地复种指数以及耕地流转难易程度对耕地利用效率影响的作用较大。今后,提升重庆市大都市区的耕地利用效率应因地制宜地制定差异化的耕地利用管理对策,以缩小区域间耕地利用效率差异;着重提升低效率区的耕地利用技术效率,扩大中度效率区的规模效率,注重高效率区的耕地利用的生态效益;同时,应在全面提高农民综合素质的基础上,加强耕地利用主体的分类管理,逐步引导全体农民走上专业化、组织化的农业生产道路。
[Abstract]:As the most valuable resource of our country, cultivated land is the most basic factor of agricultural production. Whether it can be effectively used is related to food security and social and economic development. Since the reform and opening up, with the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of cultivated land is occupied and the quantity of cultivated land is seriously lost. At present, China is in the traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. In the important period of transformation, the inefficient and non agricultural utilization of cultivated land is common, and the allocation of cultivated land and food security are facing severe challenges. The analysis of the efficiency of cultivated land use and its influencing factors from multiple angles and the strategies for the protection and utilization of cultivated land resources are helpful to protect the national food security and solve the "three rural" problems. The feasibility of sustainable utilization and protection of urban arable land resources under the background of diversified demand is discussed. This paper takes Shapingba District of Chongqing metropolitan area as an example to study the efficiency of cultivated land utilization from two layers in macro and micro layers. First, DEA model and Tobit model are used to study the 2006-2015 year land use efficiency of Shapingba area from the macro level. Spatio-temporal differentiation and its influencing factors; secondly, based on the field survey results of 167 cultivated land use subjects in 9 villages of 3 towns in the study area, the efficiency and influence factors of the farmers' cultivated land use in micro land use are studied with the help of DEAP2.1 and Eviews6.0 software. Finally, on the basis of the macro and micro empirical research, the different areas of different main fields of cultivated land are proposed. The optimal path of efficiency and the policy suggestions for differential protection of cultivated land are of great significance for ensuring national food security and solving the problem of "three rural". The main conclusions are as follows: (1) in the 2006-2015 years, the overall situation of the efficiency of cultivated land utilization in the study area was "first rising and then descending, then rising and then decreasing". There is a negative correlation between the cultivated land value, the replanting index of cultivated land, the per capita arable land area and the effective irrigation rate, but it has a negative correlation with the urbanization level. (2) the spatial difference of the utilization efficiency of various functional areas in Shapingba area is significant. Huilun Town, Fenghuang town and Zeng Jia town are low efficiency areas, the town of Tu Zhu, Qing Mu Guan town and Geleshan town are medium efficiency zones, Chen Jiaqiao, tiger Creek, West Yong, well mouth and Qin Jia Gang Street are efficient areas. The utilization efficiency is closely related to the natural environment in each region, the development of agricultural production and other factors. (3) the study area is mainly self-contained. According to the motivation and family characteristics of farmers engaged in agricultural production, the survey sample farmers are divided into self-sufficient, balanced, and increasing type of farmers based on the characteristics of the cultivated land use behavior of different types of farmers. The efficiency of farmland utilization of different types of farmers was analyzed. The comprehensive efficiency value of cultivated land utilization was from high to low. (4) the main influencing factors of cultivated land use efficiency of different types of farmers were different. The age of agricultural labor, the education degree of agricultural labor, and the proportion of household agricultural income were the effects on the efficiency of farmland utilization. The main factors of the rate are not the main factors. Among them, the main factors affecting the utilization efficiency of the farmer's cultivated land are agricultural production technology, the distribution channel of agricultural products and the scale of cultivated land, while for the self-contained and balanced type farmers, the distance from the cultivated land to the household, the index of the cultivated land re planting and the difficulty of the cultivated land transfer to the cultivated land use efficiency. In the future, the improvement of the efficiency of cultivated land use in Chongqing metropolitan area should be made according to local conditions, in order to reduce the difference in the utilization efficiency of cultivated land between regions, improve the technical efficiency of the arable land use in the low efficiency area, expand the scale efficiency of the moderate efficiency area, and pay attention to the cultivated land in the high efficiency area. At the same time, on the basis of comprehensively improving the comprehensive quality of farmers, we should strengthen the classification management of the main body of cultivated land, and gradually guide all the farmers to take the road of specialized and organized agricultural production.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211

【参考文献】