青藏地区冬虫夏草的经济形态和文化变迁

发布时间：2018-06-20 09:09

本文选题：虫草 + 文化变迁　；参考：《民俗研究》2016年01期

【摘要】：阿尼玛卿山的虫草经济经历了三个不同形态和阶段。在"散挖-行商"阶段,高海拔草原成为季节性人口争相涌入和采挖虫草的公共资源。虫草商人处于行商阶段,市场体系尚未成型;在限采·禁采阶段,草原承包制在公有制语境下有名无实,各级政府介入分肥,限制和禁止的高压行政管理未能减缓外来人口的压力。随着政府角色从利益相关者转变为社会服务者,虫草经济开始对生态移民政策发挥积极作用,虫草商人也从行商中分离出来;在契约-电商的新阶段,草原承包制全面推行,牧民获得草原收益和管护的权利。市场体系建立后,契约交易发展迅速。虫草电商的崛起加剧了虫草资源的竞争和垄断。虫草给牧民带来生计机会和草原经济的繁荣,同时也给草原生态带来巨大压力和可持续性问题,以及藏族传统文化的变迁。政策设计应着重维系人类、文化和自然的连续体以促进草原社会的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:The economy of Cordyceps sinensis in Animaqingshan has experienced three different forms and stages. In the period of "scattered digging-traveling quotient", high-altitude grassland became a common resource for seasonal population to flood and dig Cordyceps sinensis (Cordyceps sinensis). The merchants of Cordyceps sinensis are in the stage of business, and the market system has not yet taken shape. In the stage of restricted harvesting and prohibition, the grassland contract system is nominal in the context of public ownership, and governments at all levels intervene in the process of dividing fertilizer. Restrictive and prohibited high-pressure administration has failed to ease the pressure on foreign populations. As the role of government changed from stakeholder to social service, Cordyceps economy began to play a positive role in ecological migration policy, and Cordyceps merchants were also separated from merchants. In the new stage of contract-e-commerce, grassland contract system was fully implemented. Herdsmen have the right to gain income from the grasslands and to take care of them. After the establishment of market system, contract trade develops rapidly. The rise of Cordyceps e-commerce intensified the competition and monopoly of cordyceps resources. Cordyceps has brought livelihood opportunities and economic prosperity to herdsmen, at the same time, it has brought great pressure and sustainability to grassland ecology, as well as the change of Tibetan traditional culture. Policy design should focus on maintaining the continuum of human, culture and nature in order to promote the sustainable development of grassland society.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学社会发展学院民俗学研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点项目“三江源自然资源保护之社区参与行动研究”(项目编号:15AMZ008)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F326.12

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