农户生计多样性与土地利用变化研究
发布时间：2018-07-31 19:39
【摘要】：发展中国家生计多样化与土地利用变化及两者间关系已成为人们日益关注的问题。生态移民工程作为中央改善生态环境做出的重大决策,关系到迁入区人口、土地利用和经济社会变化,而对桂西北喀斯特生态脆弱与贫困连片交织这一特殊区域而言,研究其农户生计和土地利用变化的特点与规律,对实现移民初衷协调人地关系意义重大。论文以生态移民移入区——广西环江县大安乡金桥村的20个屯为研究区,利用参与式农户调查的多种工具,获取生计与土地利用的第一手数据,划分农户类型,构建生计定量评价指标体系,引用土地利用变化速率分析土地利用类型变化情况,选取价值形态的投入测度分析土地集约度的变化情况,并分析农户生计与土地利用变化间的影响关系,主要得出以下结论:(1)不同类型农户生计资本与多样性特点差异明显:生计资产总值,非移民农户大于移民农户,一兼户大于非农户大于二兼户大于纯农户;人力资本越丰富农户非农程度越高,自然资本越高农户非农程度越低;移民生计多样化趋势明显,并表现出非农程度越高生计多样化越显著,而非移民生计多样性较强但稳定性较差,且呈现出非农程度与多样化水平反向变化的现象,在新型劳动力转移方面,移民积极性较高。(2)研究区土地利用变化显著,玉米地、甘蔗地和水田面积减少,桉树林和核桃林极速增多,桑园和果园面积均有所增加,非移民退耕趋势更明显;耕地集约水平持续升高,农用地总体集约度降低;移民政策实施至今,移民农户已融入迁入区生产生活,并在种植业方面发生了从粮食作物向经济作物的转变;土地细碎化程度较大,大规模的桉树种植对当地的生态环境造成了不良影响,农用地获取和利用方式有待指导、规划与管控。(3)金桥村农户土地耕种思想较为落后,土地利用模式固化,非农劳动力转移模式单一;农户人力资本和自然资本值越高,农户农业生计多样化越明显,但土地集约化水平越低;金融资本越高,越愿意加大生产资料的投入;在经济条件允许的情况下,农户更愿意在当地从事与农业相关的劳动;帮助农户发展多样化的农业经营,提供新兴农作物的种植栽培技术指导,探索当地非农转移途径,有利于提高当地农户的生产生活水平和幸福感。
[Abstract]:The relationship between livelihood diversification and land use change in developing countries has become a growing concern. As an important decision made by the central government to improve the ecological environment, the ecological migration project is related to the population, land use and economic and social changes in the immigration area. However, for the special area of karst ecological fragility and poverty in northwest Guangxi, It is of great significance to study the characteristics and laws of farmers' livelihood and land use change to realize the original intention of migration and coordinate the relationship between land and land. Taking the 20 villages of Jinqiao Village, Da'an Township, Huanjiang County, Guangxi, as the research area, the paper uses various tools of participatory peasant household investigation to obtain the first-hand data of livelihood and land use, and to divide the types of farmers. The quantitative evaluation index system of livelihood is constructed, the land use change rate is used to analyze the change of land use type, and the input measure of value form is selected to analyze the change of land intensity. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there are significant differences in the characteristics of livelihood capital and diversity among different types of farmers: the total value of livelihood assets, non-immigrant farmers are larger than migrant farmers. The richer the human capital, the higher the non-agricultural degree, the higher the natural capital, the lower the non-agricultural degree. It also shows that the higher the non-agricultural degree is, the more significant the livelihood diversification is, while the more the non-immigrant livelihood diversity is, the less stable it is, and the phenomenon is that the non-agricultural degree is inversely changing with the diversification level. (2) the change of land use in the study area was significant, the area of corn field, sugarcane field and paddy field decreased, the eucalyptus forest and walnut forest increased rapidly, the area of mulberry orchard and orchard increased, and the trend of non-immigrant returning to farmland was more obvious. The intensive level of cultivated land continues to rise, and the overall intensity of agricultural land decreases. Since the implementation of the immigration policy, migrant farmers have been integrated into the production and life in the migration area, and the transformation from food crops to cash crops has taken place in the field of planting. Large scale eucalyptus planting has a negative impact on the local ecological environment, the way of obtaining and using agricultural land needs guidance, planning and control. (3) the idea of land cultivation of farmers in Jinqiao Village is relatively backward. The higher the value of farmers' human capital and natural capital, the more obvious the diversification of farmers' agricultural livelihood, but the lower the level of land intensification, the higher the financial capital. The more willing they are to increase the input into the means of production; where economic conditions permit, the farmers are more willing to engage in agriculture-related labour locally; and to help farmers develop diversified agricultural operations and provide guidance on planting and cultivation techniques for new and emerging crops. Exploring local non-agricultural transfer channels is beneficial to improve the production and living standard and happiness of local farmers.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;F321.1
本文编号：2156623
[Abstract]:The relationship between livelihood diversification and land use change in developing countries has become a growing concern. As an important decision made by the central government to improve the ecological environment, the ecological migration project is related to the population, land use and economic and social changes in the immigration area. However, for the special area of karst ecological fragility and poverty in northwest Guangxi, It is of great significance to study the characteristics and laws of farmers' livelihood and land use change to realize the original intention of migration and coordinate the relationship between land and land. Taking the 20 villages of Jinqiao Village, Da'an Township, Huanjiang County, Guangxi, as the research area, the paper uses various tools of participatory peasant household investigation to obtain the first-hand data of livelihood and land use, and to divide the types of farmers. The quantitative evaluation index system of livelihood is constructed, the land use change rate is used to analyze the change of land use type, and the input measure of value form is selected to analyze the change of land intensity. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there are significant differences in the characteristics of livelihood capital and diversity among different types of farmers: the total value of livelihood assets, non-immigrant farmers are larger than migrant farmers. The richer the human capital, the higher the non-agricultural degree, the higher the natural capital, the lower the non-agricultural degree. It also shows that the higher the non-agricultural degree is, the more significant the livelihood diversification is, while the more the non-immigrant livelihood diversity is, the less stable it is, and the phenomenon is that the non-agricultural degree is inversely changing with the diversification level. (2) the change of land use in the study area was significant, the area of corn field, sugarcane field and paddy field decreased, the eucalyptus forest and walnut forest increased rapidly, the area of mulberry orchard and orchard increased, and the trend of non-immigrant returning to farmland was more obvious. The intensive level of cultivated land continues to rise, and the overall intensity of agricultural land decreases. Since the implementation of the immigration policy, migrant farmers have been integrated into the production and life in the migration area, and the transformation from food crops to cash crops has taken place in the field of planting. Large scale eucalyptus planting has a negative impact on the local ecological environment, the way of obtaining and using agricultural land needs guidance, planning and control. (3) the idea of land cultivation of farmers in Jinqiao Village is relatively backward. The higher the value of farmers' human capital and natural capital, the more obvious the diversification of farmers' agricultural livelihood, but the lower the level of land intensification, the higher the financial capital. The more willing they are to increase the input into the means of production; where economic conditions permit, the farmers are more willing to engage in agriculture-related labour locally; and to help farmers develop diversified agricultural operations and provide guidance on planting and cultivation techniques for new and emerging crops. Exploring local non-agricultural transfer channels is beneficial to improve the production and living standard and happiness of local farmers.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;F321.1
【引证文献】
相关会议论文 前1条
1 ;中国土地资源战略与区域协调发展研究[A];中国土地资源战略与区域协调发展研究[C];2006年
，本文编号：2156623
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