广西贫困县脱贫路径研究
发布时间：2018-11-10 08:01
【摘要】：贫困问题历来是中国政府重点关注的民生问题,也是决定中国在2020年能否实现全面建成小康社会百年目标的关键问题。2015年,广西壮族自治区、云南省、西藏藏族自治区、贵州省、新疆维吾尔族自治区、宁夏回族自治区、内蒙古自治区和青海省八个省区农村贫困人口为1813万人,是全国农村贫困人口的32.5%;八省区的农村贫困发生率12.1%,比全国平均水平高6.4个百分点。民族八省区中,广西、贵州和云南贫困人口数量约占民族八省区贫困人口的80%,广西壮族自治区作为民族八省区之一,农村贫困问题同样严峻。本文深入研究了相关贫困理论,重点分析了广西贫困县发展概况和主要致贫因素,从自然因素、交通通信因素、制度因素、文化因素等致贫因素中选取8个指标,构建贫困计量模型,定量分析各因素的致贫效用和减贫效用,进而有针对性的选择广西贫困县脱贫路径。计量结果显示:1、交通和通信因素、教育因素、制度因素和产业结构对贫困县减贫均具有显著的促进作用;2、民族因素和自然因素是广西贫困县的主要致贫因素;3、相同指标在不同时间段的减贫效用不同。教育因素的减贫作用随时间而增强,交通和通信因素、产业结构对贫困县的减贫作用随时间而减弱,制度因素由2006-2010年的加剧贫困转变为2011-2015年的推动减贫,民族因素和自然因素的致贫作用随时间而减弱;4、相同指标对民族自治县和非民族自治县的减贫效用不同。通信因素中的互联网接入比重指标、制度因素对民族自治县的减贫作用大于非民族自治县,移动通信对两种贫困县的促进作用相当;教育因素、产业结构优化对于非民族自治贫困县的减贫效果强于民族自治贫困县;石漠化等自然因素对于非民族自治县减贫的阻碍作用较大。为此,本文提出广西贫困县扶贫开发工作首先应注重加快县域产业结构转型升级,以产业带经济促发展;其次,结合当地主导产业的选择进行定向扶贫培训,增强贫困人口的文化素养和就业能力;深挖基础设施扶贫潜力,增强固定互联减贫效用;再次,各贫困县应因地制宜,有针对性的制定适合本县的扶贫开发政策;最后,民族自治县应力争根除民族因素产生的致贫效用,地处滇桂黔石漠化片区的贫困县应大力减弱自然因素的致贫作用。
[Abstract]:The issue of poverty has always been a major concern of the Chinese government and a key issue in determining whether China can achieve the century-old goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020. In 2015, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Yunnan Province, and the Tibet Tibetan Autonomous region, The rural poor population of Guizhou, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous region and Qinghai Province are 18.13 million, which is 32.5% of the national rural poor population. The incidence of rural poverty in the eight provinces was 12.1 percent, 6.4 percentage points higher than the national average. Among the eight ethnic regions, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan account for about 80% of the poverty-stricken population in the eight ethnic regions. As one of the eight ethnic regions, the rural poverty problem in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region is also severe. In this paper, the relevant poverty theory is deeply studied, and the development situation and main causes of poverty in poor counties in Guangxi are analyzed, and eight indexes are selected from natural factors, traffic and communication factors, system factors, cultural factors and other factors to lead to poverty. This paper constructs a poverty measurement model, quantifies the poverty reduction utility and poverty reduction utility of various factors, and then chooses the path of poverty alleviation in poverty counties of Guangxi. The results show that: 1, transportation and communication factors, education factors, institutional factors and industrial structure all play a significant role in promoting poverty reduction in poor counties, 2, ethnic factors and natural factors are the main factors leading to poverty reduction in poor counties in Guangxi. 3. The same indicators have different effects on poverty reduction in different time periods. The role of educational factors in poverty reduction has increased over time, the effects of transport and communications, industrial structure on poverty reduction in poor counties have weakened over time, and institutional factors have shifted from increasing poverty in 2006-2010 to contributing to poverty reduction in 2011-2015, The poverty caused by national factors and natural factors weakened with time; 4. The same index has different effects on poverty reduction in ethnic autonomous counties and non-ethnic autonomous counties. Among the communication factors, the proportion index of Internet access, the effect of institutional factors on poverty reduction of ethnic autonomous counties is greater than that of non-ethnic autonomous counties, and mobile communication plays an equal role in promoting the two kinds of poor counties; The educational factors and the optimization of the industrial structure are better for the poverty reduction of the non-national autonomous poor counties than for the national autonomous poverty counties, and the natural factors such as rocky desertification have a great effect on the poverty reduction in the non-ethnic autonomous counties. Therefore, this paper puts forward that the poverty-stricken counties in Guangxi should first of all pay attention to speeding up the transformation and upgrading of the county industrial structure and promoting the development of the industrial belt economy. Secondly, combine the choice of local leading industries to carry out targeted poverty alleviation training to enhance the cultural literacy and employability of the poor, to dig the poverty alleviation potential of infrastructure, and to enhance the effectiveness of fixed interconnection in poverty reduction. Thirdly, the poverty-stricken counties should take measures according to the local conditions and formulate the policies of poverty alleviation and development suitable for the county. Finally, ethnic autonomous counties should strive to eradicate the poverty caused by national factors, and poverty counties located in the rocky desertification areas of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou should make great efforts to weaken the role of natural factors in causing poverty.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8
本文编号：2321875
[Abstract]:The issue of poverty has always been a major concern of the Chinese government and a key issue in determining whether China can achieve the century-old goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020. In 2015, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Yunnan Province, and the Tibet Tibetan Autonomous region, The rural poor population of Guizhou, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous region and Qinghai Province are 18.13 million, which is 32.5% of the national rural poor population. The incidence of rural poverty in the eight provinces was 12.1 percent, 6.4 percentage points higher than the national average. Among the eight ethnic regions, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan account for about 80% of the poverty-stricken population in the eight ethnic regions. As one of the eight ethnic regions, the rural poverty problem in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region is also severe. In this paper, the relevant poverty theory is deeply studied, and the development situation and main causes of poverty in poor counties in Guangxi are analyzed, and eight indexes are selected from natural factors, traffic and communication factors, system factors, cultural factors and other factors to lead to poverty. This paper constructs a poverty measurement model, quantifies the poverty reduction utility and poverty reduction utility of various factors, and then chooses the path of poverty alleviation in poverty counties of Guangxi. The results show that: 1, transportation and communication factors, education factors, institutional factors and industrial structure all play a significant role in promoting poverty reduction in poor counties, 2, ethnic factors and natural factors are the main factors leading to poverty reduction in poor counties in Guangxi. 3. The same indicators have different effects on poverty reduction in different time periods. The role of educational factors in poverty reduction has increased over time, the effects of transport and communications, industrial structure on poverty reduction in poor counties have weakened over time, and institutional factors have shifted from increasing poverty in 2006-2010 to contributing to poverty reduction in 2011-2015, The poverty caused by national factors and natural factors weakened with time; 4. The same index has different effects on poverty reduction in ethnic autonomous counties and non-ethnic autonomous counties. Among the communication factors, the proportion index of Internet access, the effect of institutional factors on poverty reduction of ethnic autonomous counties is greater than that of non-ethnic autonomous counties, and mobile communication plays an equal role in promoting the two kinds of poor counties; The educational factors and the optimization of the industrial structure are better for the poverty reduction of the non-national autonomous poor counties than for the national autonomous poverty counties, and the natural factors such as rocky desertification have a great effect on the poverty reduction in the non-ethnic autonomous counties. Therefore, this paper puts forward that the poverty-stricken counties in Guangxi should first of all pay attention to speeding up the transformation and upgrading of the county industrial structure and promoting the development of the industrial belt economy. Secondly, combine the choice of local leading industries to carry out targeted poverty alleviation training to enhance the cultural literacy and employability of the poor, to dig the poverty alleviation potential of infrastructure, and to enhance the effectiveness of fixed interconnection in poverty reduction. Thirdly, the poverty-stricken counties should take measures according to the local conditions and formulate the policies of poverty alleviation and development suitable for the county. Finally, ethnic autonomous counties should strive to eradicate the poverty caused by national factors, and poverty counties located in the rocky desertification areas of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou should make great efforts to weaken the role of natural factors in causing poverty.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8
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