当前凉州区在农业结构调整中存在的问题及对策建议

发布时间：2018-11-12 21:11

【摘要】：凉州区是甘肃省河西走廊东端的一个以种植业为主的农业大区,随着社会转型,市场经济的快速发展,传统的农业经济结构早已无法适应现代农业生产发展的需求。近年来,我区根据国家石羊河流域重点治理的要求,调整农业内部结构和种植结构,关井压田、限制种植高耗水、低效益的农作物,大力发展节水型农业,取得了一定的成绩。但是,在农业结构调整中仍存在着一些问题,因此,如何通过更加健全完善的体制机制和配套措施去推动凉州区农业结构调整的发展,是一项亟需解决的重大研究课题。本文旨在通过收集《凉州区统计年鉴》、调查问卷等各项数据的基础上,运用实证分析和比较分析的方法,系统深入地探讨了凉州区农业结构调整的现状及存在的问题,从而提出凉州区农业结构调整的发展新思路及对策措施。首先,本文综述了国内外学者对农业结构调整方面的研究概况,运用数据对凉州区农业结构调整的现状进行了分析,并指出凉州区农业结构调整存在的主要问题:1、农业服务体系和服务水平不能满足结构调整的需要。2、种植、养殖结构不合理。3、农业产业化经营的总体发展水平不高。4、强迫命令与放任自流并存。5、土地流转面积小,期限短。6、农业结构调整缺乏科学合理性。7、农村信息化建设滞后,农民文化素质低。其次,在“农业区域发展学”相关理论内容的指导下,结合当前全区农业发展现状,提出结构调整发展新思路:(一)北部沿沙荒漠区发展以苜蓿产业为主的草地农业。1、建设苜蓿人工草地,发展饲草加工产业;2、发展草畜结合的生态畜牧业;3、以农户“种养结合”的方式发展家庭农场。(二)中部绿洲区发展综合性农业。1、发展日光温室种植为主的城郊农业;2、发展以酿造葡萄、枸杞、红枣、杂果为主的特色经济林果业;3、发展旱作节水农业;4、推广甜高粱种植,发展草食畜牧业。(三)南部沿山冷凉灌区应涵养水源,发展高效循环农业。1、发展以日光温室种植为主的红提葡萄、人参果;2、发展种植双孢菇为主的食用菌循环产业;3、退耕还林还草,涵养水源。最后,基于分析结果提出凉州区农业结构调整发展的对策建议:1、推进农业产业化经营,发展农村专业合作组织,完善市场体系,以市场销售推进农业结构调整。2、加快科技进步,大力发挥科技支撑作用。3、提高农产品质量,满足市场多样化需求。4、转变群众致富思路,培育新型农民,提高农民科技文化素质。5、创新体制机制,深化水权改革,加大土地流转力度,加快创新农村土地使用制度。6、拓展农户贷款融资渠道。7、加强农村信息化建设,以农村信息化推进农业产业化。
[Abstract]:Liangzhou District is an agricultural region in the eastern end of Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province. With the social transformation and the rapid development of market economy, the traditional agricultural economic structure has been unable to meet the needs of the development of modern agricultural production. In recent years, in accordance with the requirements of key management in Shiyang River Basin, our region has adjusted the internal structure and planting structure of agriculture, closed wells and closed fields, restricted the planting of crops with high water consumption and low benefit, and vigorously developed water-saving agriculture, and obtained certain achievements. However, there are still some problems in the adjustment of agricultural structure. Therefore, how to promote the development of agricultural structure adjustment through more perfect system mechanism and supporting measures is an important research subject that needs to be solved. On the basis of collecting the statistical yearbook of Liangzhou District and questionnaire, the present situation and existing problems of agricultural structure adjustment in Liangzhou District are discussed systematically and deeply by using the methods of empirical analysis and comparative analysis. Therefore, the author puts forward the new ideas and countermeasures of agricultural structure adjustment in Liangzhou district. First of all, this paper summarizes the domestic and foreign scholars' research on agricultural structure adjustment, analyzes the current situation of agricultural structure adjustment in Liangzhou District by using data, and points out the main problems of agricultural structure adjustment in Liangzhou District: 1. The agricultural service system and service level cannot meet the needs of structural adjustment. 2. The structure of planting and breeding is unreasonable. 3. The overall level of development of agricultural industrialization is not high. 4. Forced orders coexist with laissez-faire. The land circulation area is small, the term is short. 6, the agricultural structure adjustment lacks the scientific rationality. 7. The rural information construction lags behind, the farmer culture quality is low. Secondly, under the guidance of the related theories of "Agricultural Regional Development Science" and combining with the current situation of agricultural development in the whole region, a new idea of structural adjustment and development is put forward: (1) grassland agriculture with alfalfa industry as the main industry is developed in the desert area along the sand in the north. Construction of artificial alfalfa grassland and development of forage processing industry; 2) develop ecological animal husbandry with grass and livestock; 3, develop family farm by farmers' combination of planting and raising. (2) to develop comprehensive agriculture in the central oasis area. 1) to develop suburban agriculture, which is mainly planted in solar greenhouses; 2) to develop the characteristic economic forestry and fruit industry, which mainly consists of brewing grapes, Lycium barbarum, red jujube and mixed fruit; 3, to develop dry farming and water saving agriculture; Promote sweet sorghum planting and develop herbivorous animal husbandry. (3) the southern irrigated area along the mountain should conserve water and develop highly efficient and circular agriculture. 1. Develop red grape and ginseng fruit, mainly planted in solar greenhouse; 2, develop the edible fungus circulation industry with the cultivation of double spore mushroom as the main part; 3, returning cropland to forest and grass, conserving water source. Finally, based on the results of the analysis, the countermeasures and suggestions for the adjustment and development of agricultural structure in Liangzhou District are put forward: 1. To promote the industrialization of agriculture, to develop specialized cooperative organizations in rural areas, to perfect the market system, and to promote the adjustment of agricultural structure with market sales. Speed up the progress of science and technology, give full play to the supporting role of science and technology. 3. Improve the quality of agricultural products and meet the diversified needs of the market. 4. Change the mentality of the masses to become rich, cultivate new farmers, improve the quality of farmers' science and technology and culture. 5. Innovate the system and mechanism. We should deepen the reform of water rights, increase the intensity of land circulation, speed up the innovation of the system of rural land use, and expand the financing channels of farmers' loans. 7. We should strengthen the construction of rural informatization and promote the industrialization of agriculture with rural informatization.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F320

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