定西农业科技园技术扩散机制与模式研究

发布时间：2018-12-06 10:22

【摘要】：农业科技园作为区域农业发展的技术极,是引领转型期我国农业技术创新与扩散的崭新模式。研究园区技术扩散机制与模式,对于促进农业创新成果转化,加快农业现代化,推动农区发展具有重要的理论与实践意义。论文按照理论分析与实证研究相结合的逻辑思路,对定西农业科技园马铃薯技术扩散展开系统研究。首先,运用经济地理学、农业经济学、传播学等相关理论,构建了园区马铃薯技术扩散系统；其次,以技术扩散的空间效应为切入点,采用重力模型、Bivariate列联分析法分别对“自上而下”与“自下而上”的马铃薯技术扩散的空间特征进行分析；继而,通过“上下对接”,对园区技术扩散系统的耦合状态进行统计学分析,并运用二元logistic回归分析模型识别技术有效需求的影响因素；最后,通过技术扩散空间特征与耦合制约因素的分析,提出优化路径,重构园区技术扩散模式,论文主要结论如下：(1)定西农业科技园技术扩散系统的外在动力来源于政府的主导作用。在政府的推动下,农业技术以“自上而下”的方式扩散,并在空间上呈现出“邻近效应”与“等级效应”并存,表明园区农业技术以扩展扩散与等级扩散相结合的方式展开。(2)定西农业科技园技术扩散系统的内在动力来源于市场的主导作用。在市场需求的推动下,农业技术以“自下而上”的方式扩散,在空间上呈现“地区等级效应”与“近邻效应”并存,表明农业技术在市场推动下以(地区)等级扩散与扩展扩散相结合的方式展开。(3)在政府与市场的交互作用下,农业技术以“上下对接”的方式完成扩散与采用,技术供需均衡是定西农业科技园技术扩散系统耦合的关键。分析表明,定西农业科技园技术供需不平衡致使系统呈不耦合状态,主要表现为供需结构上的不对等、空间分布上的不均衡、供需水平上的不协调。此外,有效需求的二元回归分析表明,文化程度、农业生产消费支出、种植规模、专业化程度、对灾害的感知是制约农户技术有效需求的显著影响因素。(4)针对现有扩散模式中的不足与问题,论文将农户参与引入技术扩散系统,提出了交互作用力推动下的“企业牵头、政府扶持、农户参与”的环形扩散模式。该模式以其反馈互动的组织优势,引导系统各要素协调发展,从而消除扩散阻碍因素,形成合理的扩散格局,实现技术上下对接与系统耦合。
[Abstract]:As the technological pole of regional agricultural development, agricultural science and technology park is a new mode leading the innovation and diffusion of agricultural technology in China during the transition period. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the mechanism and mode of technology diffusion in the park for promoting the transformation of agricultural innovation achievements, speeding up the modernization of agriculture and promoting the development of agricultural areas. According to the logical thinking of combining theoretical analysis with empirical research, this paper systematically studies potato technology diffusion in Dingxi Agricultural Science and Technology Park. Firstly, using the theories of economic geography, agricultural economics, communication and so on, the potato technology diffusion system in the park is constructed. Secondly, the spatial characteristics of "top-down" and "bottom-up" potato technology diffusion were analyzed by using gravity model and Bivariate column analysis method, taking the spatial effect of technology diffusion as the starting point. Then, through the "up and down docking", the coupling state of the technology diffusion system in the park is analyzed statistically, and the factors influencing the effective demand of the technology are identified by using the binary logistic regression model. Finally, through the analysis of spatial characteristics and coupling constraints of technology diffusion, the optimized path is put forward to reconstruct the technology diffusion mode of the park. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the external power of technology diffusion system in Dingxi Agricultural Science and Technology Park comes from the leading role of the government. Driven by the government, agricultural technology diffuses in a "top-down" manner, and there is a "proximity effect" and a "hierarchical effect" in space. The results show that the agricultural technology in Dingxi Agricultural Science and Technology Park is developed by the combination of expansion diffusion and grade diffusion. (2) the internal power of the technology diffusion system in Dingxi Agricultural Science and Technology Park comes from the dominant role of the market. Driven by market demand, agricultural technology diffuses in a bottom-up manner, and there exists a "regional hierarchy effect" and a "nearest neighbor effect" in space. The results show that agricultural technology is developed by the combination of grade diffusion and expansion diffusion. (3) under the interaction of government and market, agricultural technology is spread and adopted in the way of "linking up and down". The balance of technology supply and demand is the key to the coupling of technology diffusion system in Dingxi Agricultural Science and Technology Park. The analysis shows that the imbalance of technology supply and demand in Dingxi Agricultural Science and Technology Park results in the uncoupling of the system, which is mainly manifested in the imbalance of supply and demand structure, the imbalance of spatial distribution and the uncoordination of supply and demand level. In addition, the binary regression analysis of effective demand shows that the degree of education, the expenditure of agricultural production and consumption, the scale of planting, the degree of specialization, Perception of disasters is a significant factor that restricts farmers' effective demand for technology. (4) aiming at the shortcomings and problems in the existing diffusion mode, the paper introduces farmers' participation into technology diffusion system. This paper puts forward the circular diffusion model of "enterprise leading, government support and peasant household participation" driven by interaction force. With its organizational advantage of feedback and interaction, this model guides the coordinated development of various elements of the system, thus eliminating the factors of diffusion hindrance, forming a reasonable diffusion pattern, and realizing the coupling of technology up and down with the system.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.3

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