仙桃市耕地质量监测类型区划分及监测单元布设研究

发布时间：2019-05-08 22:28

【摘要】：耕地质量监测是在农用地质量分等和土地资源调查的基础上针对耕地质量可能发生的变化进行的动态监测工作,这项工作不仅仅是对已经完成的农用地分等工作成果的应用和拓展,同时,它还对保证我国粮食安全、实现经济的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。在现有的耕地质量补充完善成果基础上,开展耕地质量动态监测工作,第一步是要对监测的区域进行科学合理的分区,监测类型区可以使土地管理的相关部门对本区域的耕地质量变化有一个宏观的理解,在此基础上的监测布点和数据分析又可以保证相关管理部门对耕地质量的变化有具体的把握,通过这项工作可以全面了解研究区域耕地的变化情况,并能更好地保护和利用耕地。通过参阅国内外相关文献资料,首先结合国内外学者关于耕地质量和耕地质量监测的研究,总结了关于耕地质量概念、耕地质量影响因素、耕地质量监测技术方法等方面的相关成果。在此基础上,对可能引起耕地质量发生变化的主要驱动因素进行了深入研究,主要驱动因素可以分为以下两大类：自然驱动因素和人为驱动因素。研究选取了部分自然指标、土地利用指标和社会经济指标这三种指标作为监测类型区划分的依据,然后根据研究区域的区域特点,从研究区域的耕地实际粮食产量、耕地自然质量的分布状况、各村农村劳动力转移压力、城镇建设压力四个方面出发,得到四个监测类型区,分别为城镇功能分区、农村劳动力转移压力分区、耕地自然质量分区和耕地实际产量分区。将初步分区结果进行叠加处理,最终形成仙桃市耕地质量监测类型区方案,本研究最终划定了35个耕地质量监测类型区,为后期耕地质量监测的实地调查和监测单元布设工作提供了基础。另外,研究还在35个监测类型区的基础上划分了重点监测区、次重点监测区和可选择监测区,并提出了监测建议：重点监测区要多设置监测样点,监测周期为一年；次重点监测区域可相对减少监测样点,监测周期设定为两到三年；而可选择监测区可以尽可能少的布设监测样点,监测周期可设定为四到五年。然后在监测类型区分级的基础上,选择了10个重点监测类型区和7个次重点监测类型区,进行监测单元的布设研究。引入了景观生态学的景观连接度概念来计算17个监测类型区内耕地的景观连接度,选取景观连接度较高的耕地作为监测单元,这样可以保证选定的监测单元在空间上具有代表性,然后通过主要交通道路和城乡建设用地的缓冲区分析,剔除位于缓冲区内不稳定的监测单元,最终筛选出31个监测单元。
[Abstract]:The monitoring of cultivated land quality is a dynamic monitoring of possible changes in cultivated land quality on the basis of agricultural land quality classification and land resource survey. This work is not only the application and expansion of the achievements of agricultural land classification, but also of great significance to ensure the food security of our country and realize the sustainable development of economy. On the basis of the existing achievements of supplementing and perfecting cultivated land quality, the first step is to carry out the dynamic monitoring of cultivated land quality. The first step is to carry out scientific and reasonable zoning of the monitored areas. The monitoring of typologies allows the relevant sectors of land management to have a macro-understanding of the changes in the quality of arable land in the region, On this basis, the monitoring and distribution points and data analysis can ensure that the relevant management departments have a specific grasp of the changes in the quality of cultivated land, and through this work, we can comprehensively understand the changes of cultivated land in the study area. And can better protect and use arable land. By referring to the relevant domestic and foreign literature materials, first of all, combined with the domestic and foreign scholars on cultivated land quality and monitoring of cultivated land quality, summarized the concept of cultivated land quality, factors affecting cultivated land quality, Arable land quality monitoring technical methods and other related achievements. On this basis, the main driving factors which may cause the change of cultivated land quality are deeply studied. The main driving factors can be divided into the following two categories: natural driving factors and man-made driving factors. Some natural indicators, land use indicators and social and economic indicators are selected as the basis for monitoring the division of type areas, and then, according to the regional characteristics of the study area, the actual grain yield of cultivated land in the study area is studied. According to the distribution of natural quality of cultivated land, the transfer pressure of rural labor force in each village and the pressure of urban construction, four monitoring types of areas are obtained, which are urban functional zoning and rural labor transfer pressure division. Arable land natural quality division and cultivated land actual yield partition. The preliminary zoning results were superimposed and the scheme of cultivated land quality monitoring type in Xiantao City was finally formed. In this study, 35 cultivated land quality monitoring type areas were finally delineated. It provides a basis for field investigation and layout of monitoring unit of cultivated land quality monitoring in later period. In addition, on the basis of 35 monitoring types, the study divided the key monitoring areas, the sub-key monitoring areas and the optional monitoring areas, and put forward some monitoring suggestions: more monitoring sample points should be set up in the key monitoring areas, and the monitoring period should be one year; The monitoring sample points can be relatively reduced in the sub-key monitoring area, and the monitoring cycle can be set at two to three years, while the monitoring sample points can be arranged as few as possible in the optional monitoring area, and the monitoring cycle can be set at four to five years. Then, on the basis of the classification of monitoring type area, 10 key monitoring type areas and 7 sub-key monitoring type areas are selected, and the layout of monitoring units is studied. The concept of landscape connectivity in landscape ecology is introduced to calculate the landscape connectivity of cultivated land in 17 monitoring areas, and the cultivated land with high landscape connectivity is selected as the monitoring unit. In this way, the selected monitoring unit can be guaranteed to be representative in space, and then through the buffer analysis of the main traffic roads and urban and rural construction land, the unstable monitoring unit in the buffer can be eliminated, and finally 31 monitoring units can be selected.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.211

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