美国对外服务贸易发展研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 16:04

本文关键词：美国对外服务贸易发展研究　出处：《延边大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化、区域经济一体化进程的加快发展和科学技术的长足进步,国际产业结构也在进行着深刻变革,世界各国家(地区)纷纷将经济发展重点转向了服务业,而服务业在国民经济中的地位的提高以及国际分工的日益深化,又使得以服务业为依托的国际服务贸易得到快速的发展。根据联合国贸易与发展会议统计,2015年全球服务贸易总额达到48260亿美元,相比1980年的3956亿美元,增长了 11倍,已远远超过货物贸易的增长速度,这意味着服务贸易今后将会成为国际贸易竞争的重心,要想在国际贸易中取得竞争优势,就必须加强服务贸易的发展。美国作为世界上服务贸易最发达的国家,无论是在对外服务贸易规模和比重、进出口结构还是国际竞争力方面都处于绝对的优势地位。反观中国对外服务贸易,存在着诸如发展起步较晚,规模比重小,结构不合理,国际收支逆差扩大等不足,这与中国当前的经济实力及贸易整体状况不相协调。因此,研究美国对外服务贸易发展,不仅可以很好的总结国际服务贸易发展的一般规律和经验教训,还能够为中国服务贸易的发展提供参考目标。本文主要分为六章内容。第一章是绪论部分,主要介绍了本文的研究目的、研究意义、文献综述、研究方法及内容;第二章是国际服务贸易相关理论,主要包括国际服务贸易理论、比较优势理论、要素禀赋理论和国家竞争优势理论等与美国对外服务贸易研究密切相关的理论;第三章是美国对外服务贸易现状分析,根据1992年至2016年美国对外服务贸易年度数据,从美国对外服务贸易的规模比重、贸易结构、国际收支等几个方面展开分析,总结出美国对外服务贸易规模大比重高,进出口结构合理且日趋完善,以发达国家为主要合作对象又兼具市场多元化,国际收支始终保持顺差状态以及呈现出增长速度放缓、顺差规模减小的新态势等五大特征;第四章是美国对外服务贸易国际竞争力分析,主要研究分析了美国对外服务贸易的国际市场占有率、竞争力指数、显示性比较优势指数和对外开放度,总结出美国对外服务贸易国际市场占有率高,整体竞争力强,知识密集型服务部门竞争优势突出以及对外服务贸易市场稳定四大优势;第五章是美国对外服务贸易发展对中国的启示,根据美国对外服务贸易发展特征和优势,结合中国当前所处的经济发展阶段和对外服务贸易现状,提出了改善国内服务业发展环境,加大服务业科研投入,加强对外服务贸易区域合作,完善完善服务业法律法规等有利于促进中国对外服务贸易健康快速发展的政策建议。第六章是结论,阐述了本文研究的总体结论。
[Abstract]:With the economic globalization, the rapid development of regional economic integration and the rapid progress of science and technology, the international industrial structure is also undergoing profound changes. Countries (regions) in the world have shifted their economic development emphasis to the service industry, and the status of the service industry in the national economy and the deepening of the international division of labor. According to the statistics of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the total amount of global trade in services reached four tillion eight hundred and twenty-six billion US dollars in 2015. Compared with $395.6 billion in 1980, the increase of 11 times has far exceeded the growth rate of trade in goods, which means that trade in services will become the focus of international trade competition in the future. If we want to gain the competitive advantage in international trade, we must strengthen the development of service trade. As the most developed country in the world, the United States, whether in the scale and proportion of foreign trade in services. The structure of import and export or the international competitiveness are in the absolute advantage position. On the other hand, China's foreign trade in services, such as the late start of development, a small proportion of the scale, the structure is unreasonable. The deficit of balance of payments is enlarged, which is not in harmony with China's current economic strength and the overall situation of trade. Therefore, this paper studies the development of foreign trade in services of the United States. Not only can we sum up the general rules and lessons of the development of international trade in services, but also can provide a reference for the development of China's trade in services. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the purpose, significance, literature review, research methods and contents of this paper. The second chapter is the related theories of international trade in services, including the theory of international trade in services, the theory of comparative advantage, the theory of factor endowment and the theory of national competitive advantage, which are closely related to the study of foreign trade in services of the United States. The third chapter is the analysis of the current situation of US foreign trade in services. According to the annual data of US foreign trade in services from 1992 to 2016, the scale and structure of the foreign service trade of the United States are analyzed. Through the analysis of the balance of payments and other aspects, it concludes that the United States has a large scale of foreign trade in services, a reasonable and increasingly perfect import and export structure, and a diversified market with developed countries as the main object of cooperation. The balance of payments always maintains the surplus state and presents the growth speed to slow down, the surplus scale reduces the new situation and so on five big characteristics; Chapter 4th is the analysis of the international competitiveness of the United States foreign trade in services. It mainly analyzes the international market share, competitiveness index, comparative advantage index and degree of opening to the outside world of the United States foreign service trade. It concludes that the United States has a high share of the international market for foreign service trade, strong overall competitiveness, outstanding competitive advantages of knowledge-intensive service sectors and stable foreign service trade market. Chapter 5th is the enlightenment of the development of American foreign service trade to China, according to the characteristics and advantages of the development of American foreign service trade, combined with China's current stage of economic development and the current situation of foreign service trade. The paper proposes to improve the development environment of domestic service industry, increase investment in service research, and strengthen regional cooperation in foreign service trade. Perfect and perfect the laws and regulations of service industry and other policy suggestions are helpful to promote the healthy and rapid development of China's foreign trade in services. Chapter 6th is the conclusion, and the overall conclusion of this paper is expounded.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F746.18

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