丹江口库区植被覆盖变化研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 21:46

本文选题：植被覆盖 + 丹江口库区　；参考：《东北林业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1992年土地利用／覆被变化(LUCC)核心计划被正式确立以来,土地利用变化既是目前全球环境变化研究的热点,也是人类可持续发展的前沿问题。土地利用是土地覆被变化最重要的影响因素,区域植被覆盖变化研究已在全球变化研究领域中占有非常重要的地位。土地利用／覆被变化所产生的各种资源问题和环境效应也逐渐引起人们的关注和重视。本论文以丹江口水源区为核心,在介绍研究丹江口库区的区域特征的基础上,通过对近40多年来的数据资料的整理和处理,利用具体分析研究方法,以及应用遥感技术,通过样方调查和遥感解译,分析了丹江口库区的土地利用类型和植被覆盖变化等情况,得到如下结论： (1)根据2013年库区植被类型解译结果指出丹江口库区植被现状,库区植被的总面积为191162.65hm2,库区植被覆盖率为77.95%。其中阔叶林面积占库区总植被面积的18.87%；针叶林面积占库区总植被面积的6.71%；灌丛面积占库区总植被面积的23.28%；灌草丛面积占库区植被总面积的1.67%；农作物面积占库区植被总面积的49.47%,是库区主要的植被类型。 (2)通过选取1973年、1983年、1993年、2003年和2013年5各时段的卫星影像,对其进行土地利用类型解译,可知近40年来丹江口库区土地利用类型发生明显变化,整体为耕地面积减少,林地面积增加,以耕地为主的土地利用类型演变为以林地为主要土地利用类型,同时由于区域经济的发展要求,库区建设用地面积在总体上也是增长趋势。 (3)通过近40年来数据和遥感解译,分析植被覆盖变化趋势,指出库区植被覆盖率整体上呈降低趋势,1973年植被覆盖率达到67.18%；1983年植被覆盖率达到67.29%;1993年植被覆盖率达到66.99%;2003年植被覆盖率达到66.57%;2013年植被覆盖率达到65.19%。较1973年丹江口水利枢纽建成初期,2013年南水北调一期工程基本完工为止,植被覆盖率减少了1.99%。而较2003年南水北调中线工程一期工程动工,十年施工期植被覆盖面积减少了3400hm2,植被覆盖率减少了1.39%。而1973年-2000年期间,植被覆盖面积仅减少了1482.89hm2,植被覆盖率仅减少了0.60%。 (4)根据区域的特征,分析丹江口库区植被覆盖变化的影响驱动因子,分别阐述分析了南水北调蓄水工程、社会经济因子和人类活动等因素,对其丹江口库区植被覆盖变化的影响,同时重点提出要重视生态环境保护,加强植被恢复,为区域的可持续发展提供必要条件。。
[Abstract]:Since the LUCC (Land use / cover change) core plan was formally established in 1992, land use change (LUCC) is not only a hot topic in the research of global environmental change, but also a frontier issue of human sustainable development. Land use is the most important factor of land cover change, and the study of regional vegetation cover change has played an important role in the field of global change. All kinds of resource problems and environmental effects caused by land use / cover change have been paid more and more attention. On the basis of introducing and studying the regional characteristics of Danjiangkou Reservoir area, this paper takes the Danjiangkou Waterhead area as the core, through the collation and processing of the data in the past 40 years, the use of concrete analysis and research methods, as well as the application of remote sensing technology. Through sample investigation and remote sensing interpretation, the land use types and vegetation cover changes in Danjiangkou Reservoir area are analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1) according to the results of interpretation of vegetation types in the reservoir area in 2013, the present situation of vegetation in Danjiangkou reservoir area is pointed out. The total area of vegetation in the reservoir area is 191162.65 hm2, and the vegetation coverage rate in the reservoir area is 77.95. The area of broad-leaved forest accounted for 18.87 of the total vegetation area of the reservoir area; the area of coniferous forest accounted for 6.71 of the total vegetation area of the reservoir area; the area of thicket accounted for 23.28 of the total area of vegetation in the reservoir area; the area of shrub and grass accounted for 1.67 of the total area of vegetation in the reservoir area; and the area of crops accounted for the planting area of the reservoir area. The total area of 49.47 is the main vegetation type in the reservoir area. (2) based on the satellite images of 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2013, it is found that the land use types in Danjiangkou Reservoir area have changed obviously in the past 40 years, and the whole cultivated land area has been reduced. The area of forestland increased, and the land use type, which was mainly cultivated land, became the main land use type. At the same time, because of the development of regional economy, the area of construction land in the reservoir area was also the increasing trend. Through data and remote sensing interpretation in the past 40 years, the trend of vegetation cover change is analyzed. It is pointed out that the vegetation coverage in the reservoir area is decreasing as a whole, reaching 67.18 in 1973, 67.29 in 1983, 66.99 in 1993, 66.57 in 2003 and 65.19 in 2013. Compared with the initial stage of the Danjiangkou water conservancy project in 1973 and the completion of the first phase of the South-to-North Water transfer Project in 2013, the vegetation coverage rate has been reduced by 1.99 percent. Compared with the first stage of the South-to-North Water transfer Project in 2003, the vegetation coverage area decreased by 3400hm2and the vegetation coverage decreased by 1.39. From 1973 to 2000, the area of vegetation cover decreased only by 1482.89hm2, and the vegetation coverage decreased by only 0.60th and 0.60th. (4) according to the regional characteristics, this paper analyzes the driving factors of vegetation cover change in Danjiangkou Reservoir area, and expounds and analyzes the factors such as water storage project of South-to-North Water transfer Project, social and economic factors and human activities, etc. The influence of vegetation cover change in Danjiangkou reservoir area is discussed. At the same time, emphasis should be placed on ecological environment protection and vegetation restoration, so as to provide the necessary conditions for the sustainable development of the region.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：Q948

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