近代汉口银行业的发展与变迁

发布时间：2018-05-29 11:43

本文选题：近代 + 汉口　；参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以“现代—传统”二元经济理论为基础,从汉口近代商埠经济的形成与发展、汉口在长江流域经济地位变迁、汉口金融业与经济基础之间的关系的角度,以银行为主要研究对象和线索,对1861年开埠以后至1949年解放之前88年间,汉口近代银行业的发展变化做了综述式的研究。研究认为近代汉口银行业的发展的主要有这样几个基本特征：第一,汉口开埠后的经济迅速崛起,在极短的时间内超越沿海一些开埠时间更早的城市,汉口各种金融行业和金融市场成长很快,一跃成为仅次于上海的金融中心。速度之快为近代中国金融史上罕有。这种经济的高速增长并不仅仅是由于“西方”因素的进入和增长,更多的是因为汉口是中国内地传统经济与西方现代经济交汇的产物。简言之,汉口的崛起是中国传统经济发展的延续,而非打断和再生；第二,汉口传统金融势力极大,在开埠后的最初三十年内,外国银行几乎没有太大的影响,反而要与票号竞争,要拉拢和依靠钱庄。这个时期在汉口持续时间很长,一直到20世纪20年代,外国银行才真正在汉口有所扩张。但是本地银行又迅速兴起并与之竞争。这种过程显示出,与沿海的上海、广州、天津相比,汉口在现代化过程中所表现出的较强的本土性。以“申—汉”互动为基础的长江金融模式,很形象表达出了“现代—传统”、“西方—东方”在长江流域的关系；第三,汉口银行业的发展过分依靠内地传统的长距离贸易,缺乏区域经济基础的支持,发展受时局牵动过大。这一点与拥有雄厚江浙工商业基础的上海金融业明显不同。当大革命失败南京政府建立后,江浙沿海地区经济加速现代化,内地传统经济整体崩塌,汉口的经济地位也迅速下降,此再没有恢复全国的中心地位。第四,汉口的本质是一个中国传统经济中的自由商业城市,它的金融中心地位也是由此而来。经济中心的沿海化仅仅促使了汉口银行业的衰落,最终葬送了这个城市的金融生命的则是南京政府官僚资本化的国家金融统制。汉口银行业和金融市场也随之完全成为上海的附庸,“申—汉”互动金融模式变成上海单一中心模式。本文认为这四个基本经济背景和特点,皆与汉口在中国近代“传统—现代”二元经济结构中的经济地位变动有关。本文第一章为汉口的经济地位和经济、金融背景综述；第二章为辛亥革命前汉口银行业早期萌发发展历史；第三章为自由金融与汉口银行业的自主发展；第四章探讨了南京政府国家金融体系下汉口银行业的转折；第五章系对抗战沦陷时期汉口银行业的殖民化问题的讨论；第六章重点写抗战后金融崩溃中的汉口银行业；最后一部分是结论与讨论。
[Abstract]:Based on the dualistic economic theory of "modern and traditional", this paper analyzes the formation and development of Hankou's modern commercial port economy, the changes of Hankou's economic status in the Yangtze River Basin, and the relationship between Hankou's financial industry and economic base. Taking the bank as the main research object and clue, this paper makes a summary study on the development and change of modern banking in Hankou from 1861 to 1949 before liberation. It is believed that the development of modern Hankou banking industry mainly has such basic characteristics: First, the rapid economic rise of Hankou after the opening of the port, in a very short period of time to surpass some coastal cities opened earlier, Hankou financial industries and financial markets grew rapidly, a jump to become the second only to Shanghai's financial center. The speed is rare in the history of modern Chinese finance. The rapid growth of this kind of economy is not only due to the entry and growth of "western" factors, but also because Hankou is the product of the confluence of the traditional economy of the mainland of China and the modern economy of the West. In short, the rise of Hankou is a continuation of China's traditional economic development, rather than interruption and regeneration; Second, the traditional financial power of Hankou is great. In the first three decades after the opening of the port, foreign banks had little influence. Instead, they had to compete with the ticket banks and to win over and rely on the banks. It was a long time in Hankou, and it was not until the 1920s that foreign banks actually expanded in Hankou. But local banks are springing up and competing with them. Compared with Shanghai, Guangzhou and Tianjin, Hankou shows strong nativism in the process of modernization. The financial model of the Yangtze River based on the interaction between "Shen-Han" shows the relationship between "modern tradition" and "west and east" in the Yangtze River basin. Thirdly, the development of Hankou banking industry depends too much on the traditional long-distance trade in the mainland and lacks the support of the regional economic base. This with strong Jiangsu and Zhejiang industrial and commercial foundation of the Shanghai financial industry is obviously different. When the Great Revolution failed to establish the Nanjing government, the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang accelerated the modernization of the economy, the traditional economy of the interior collapsed as a whole, and the economic status of Hankou declined rapidly, which did not restore the central position of the whole country. Fourth, the essence of Hankou is a free commercial city in Chinese traditional economy. The coastal area of economic center only promoted the decline of Hankou banking industry, and it was the bureaucratic capitalization of national financial control that killed the city's financial life. The banking and financial market of Hankou also became the vassal of Shanghai, and the interactive financial model of Shen-Han became the single central model of Shanghai. This paper holds that these four basic economic backgrounds and characteristics are related to the change of economic status of Hankou in the dualistic economic structure of "tradition and modern" in modern China. The first chapter is an overview of Hankou's economic status, economy and financial background, the second chapter is the early development history of Hankou banking before the 1911 Revolution, the third chapter is the independent development of free finance and Hankou banking. The fourth chapter discusses the transition of Hankou banking under the national financial system of Nanjing government, the fifth chapter discusses the colonization of Hankou banking during the period of the Anti-Japanese War, the sixth chapter focuses on the Hankou banking industry in the financial collapse after the War of Resistance against Japan. The last part is the conclusion and discussion.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.9

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