湖北省人类活动与土壤侵蚀时空变化响应特征及分区预测

发布时间：2018-08-07 10:59

【摘要】：土壤侵蚀加剧是生态恶化的集中反映,现已成为我国生态环境最突出的问题之一。随着社会的发展,人类活动对土壤侵蚀的影响越来越大,土壤侵蚀与区域经济发展相互制约,如何实现人与自然协调发展已经成为全球关注的热点。定量研究社会经济因素与土壤侵蚀的相互关系,分析土壤侵蚀的演变特点,对于制定水土保持措施具有重要的意义。本文分析宏观尺度下土壤侵蚀变化趋势,基于社会经济因素研究人类活动与土壤侵蚀关系进而预测土壤侵蚀的变化规律,分析湖北省多个时期土壤侵蚀空间分布与于变化规律,将社会经济因素等指标作为人类活动的影响因子,结合地形等自然因素,研究不同时期土壤侵蚀驱动因子的差异性,以及这些驱动因素的区域差异性对土壤侵蚀变化所造成的影响,将研究区域划分为若干自然因素较为均一的子区域,研究不同分区人为驱动因素对土壤侵蚀变化的作用机制并进行预测分析。主要结论如下： 1.1995年、2000年、2006年、2010年土壤轻度及以上侵蚀面积逐年递减,整体情况有所好转。2010年与1995年相比轻度侵蚀减少了25%;中度侵蚀减少了54.89%,强度侵蚀减少了59.93%；但极强度侵蚀和剧烈侵蚀面积2010年有2262km2,而1995年只有1173kmm2,存在局部区域土壤侵蚀恶化情况。 2.不同区域影响因素的类型、大小和影响方向存在差异,山地地区主要受区域经济发展水平和产业结构的影响,平原地区主要是受农田水利措施和粮食种植的影响,在丘陵地带受坡度影响较大。 3.通过分区对人为因素的提取,可有针对性地利用关键驱动因素对土壤侵蚀变化进行更为有效的预测,为因地制宜指定水土保持措施提供依据。
[Abstract]:The intensification of soil erosion is a concentrated reflection of ecological deterioration and has become one of the most prominent ecological problems in China. With the development of society, the influence of human activities on soil erosion becomes more and more great. Soil erosion and regional economic development restrict each other. How to realize the coordinated development of man and nature has become the focus of global attention. The quantitative study on the relationship between social economic factors and soil erosion and the analysis of the evolution characteristics of soil erosion are of great significance to the formulation of soil and water conservation measures. In this paper, the variation trend of soil erosion at macro scale is analyzed. Based on the social and economic factors, the relationship between human activities and soil erosion is studied and the changing law of soil erosion is predicted. The spatial distribution and variation law of soil erosion in several periods in Hubei Province are analyzed. Taking the social and economic factors as the influence factors of human activities, combining with the natural factors such as topography, the differences of the driving factors of soil erosion in different periods are studied. And the influence of the regional difference of these driving factors on the soil erosion change, the study area is divided into several sub-regions with more uniform natural factors. The action mechanism of artificial driving factors on soil erosion in different zones was studied and predicted. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. In 1995, 2000, 2006, the area of soil erosion decreased year by year, and the overall situation improved. Compared with 1995, mild erosion decreased 25.5%, moderate erosion decreased 54.89%, intensity erosion decreased 59.93%; But the area of extreme intensity erosion and intense erosion was 2262 km2 in 2010, compared with 1173 km2 in 1995. There are differences in the type, size and direction of influence factors in different regions. Mountainous areas are mainly affected by the level of regional economic development and industrial structure, while plain areas are mainly affected by irrigation and water conservancy measures and grain planting. In the hilly area, the slope is greatly affected by the slope. 3. Through the extraction of artificial factors in different areas, the key driving factors can be used to predict soil erosion more effectively, which provides the basis for designating soil and water conservation measures according to local conditions.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S157

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