中国区域发展政策及其对越南区域发展的影响和借鉴

发布时间：2018-09-18 18:34

【摘要】：自1978年中国共产党第十一届三中全会确立了“以经济建设为中心,坚持改革开放,坚持四项基本原则”的路线、方针、政策以来,中国的基本经济制度和基本经济面貌都发生了翻天覆地般的深刻变化,国民生产总值(GDP)从1978年的3649亿元猛增至2012年的516282亿元,34年间增长140倍,按可比价格计算年均增长9.8%,一跃成为仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体；2012年人均GDP达到38420元,比1978年的381元增长了100倍,折合美元为6086美元,已初步进入了工业化高级阶段。而中国改革开放以来取得的举世瞩目的伟大成就,是和当代中国区域经济的迅猛发展和中国特色社会主义区域经济的伟大社会实践随伴随行的,并从区域空间结构的变迁和经济景观特征上深刻地反映了中国改革开放以来所取得的伟大成就。其鲜明的特点与突出的经验有三：一是伴随着经济体制从计划经济向社会主义市场经济的转轨,中央政府简政放权,实行“二条腿走路”的方针,充分发挥中央和地方二个积极性,利益主体逐步地方化和多元化,从而极大地激发了各地发展地区经济的活力和动力；二是坚持从中国国情出发,遵循“让一部分地区和一部分人先富起来”和“最终实现共同富裕”的“两个大局”的战略方针,先后实施了沿海经济发展战略、长江经济带战略、西部大开发战略、促进东北振兴战略和中部崛起战略等一系列区域发展战略和政策措施,从非均衡发展逐步走向均衡发展、和谐发展和可持续发展；三是坚持“因地制宜”和“开发利用保护并重”的方针政策,根据各地不同的资源禀赋条件和社会经济基础制定不同的区域发展规划和主体功能区划,注重城市群、城市带的培育和区域中心城市等经济增长极、增长轴的引领带动作用,从城市单一发展到组合发展,区域综合竞争力大幅增强。实践证明,改革开放以来中国每一次重大区域发展战略和政策的实施,都带来了区域经济面貌的巨大变化,并有力地促进了全国的改革与发展大局,为中华民族的伟大复兴奠定了坚实的物质基础。越南是中国一衣带水的友好邻邦,又同属社会主义国家和发展中国家。自1986年实行经济改革以来,越南开始从集中的计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨,大力发展外向型经济,积极培育多种经济成分,国民经济得到了迅猛发展,人民生活水平不断改善,综合国力有了很大提高,并制定了到2020年基本成为工业国的发展战略目标。为实现上述战略目标,越南所面临的一个突出问题,就是如何根据各地不同的地情、省情,因地制宜地制定不同的区域经济发展政策,如何充分调动各地政府和社会各界发展地区经济的积极性,最大限度地发挥各地区的资源禀赋优势和经济发展潜力,通过区域经济的迅猛发展来促进和带动全国经济的整体提升。为此,深入开展对中国改革开放以来区域发展战略、政策的系统研究,认真概括总结中国在区域经济发展方面所取得的主要成就和宝贵经验,将对越南今后的发展产生重要的启示和借鉴,本论文研究具有重大的理论与现实意义。本论文共分为六章。第一章,介绍了本文的研究背景、选题目的与意义、研究思路、技术路线以及主要的创新之处,对区域、区域发展、区域政策等关键词进行了界定和辨析,并对中越区域发展政策的异同进行了归纳分析。第二章,区域发展政策的研究综述及其理论基础。对区域发展政策的相关概念进行了梳理,从亚国家、国家和超国家等三个层面对中外区域发展政策的研究成果进行了归纳综述,并从区域经济发展和区域发展政策的一般理论以及相关理论等多理论视角进行了较系统的阐述和分析。第三章,中国改革开放以来的区域发展成就、经验与政策。梳理了中国改革开放以来区域经济发展的演进历程,介绍了不同发展阶段的区域发展政策,总结了中国改革开放以来区域经济发展取得的主要成就,归纳了中国区域经济发展的主要经验。第四章,越南区域经济发展概述。系统归纳了越南的自然条件与自然资源,从人口分布与劳动力资源状况、经济社会发展水平、民族文化特征等方面全面分析了越南制定区域发展政策的社会经济基础。第五章,越南区域发展成就与政策。本章全面回顾总结了越南自1986年改革至今的主要成就和主要政策措施,通过七大经济区域、四个重点经济区以及港口经济区、沿海经济区、贫困地区等若干区域发展概况的分析介绍来归纳总结越南经济区域的规划与管理状况,并从外商投资、国际贸易和国际经济合作等三个方面分析了经济全球化浪潮对越南区域发展的影响。第六章,中国区域发展的经验启示与中越经济发展展望。归纳总结了改革开放以来中国区域发展的成就与经验对越南区域发展和区域政策制定的启示与借鉴,重点从中越／越中边境贸易的视角分析了中越区域经济合作与发展概况,以及中越区域经济合作与发展的未来展望。
[Abstract]:Since 1978, when the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the line, principles and policies of taking economic construction as the center, adhering to the reform and opening-up policy and adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles, China's basic economic system and outlook have undergone tremendous and profound changes, with the gross national product (GDP) rising from 364.9 billion yuan in 1978. In 2012, GDP per capita reached 38420 yuan, 100 times higher than 381 yuan in 1978, or US $6086, and China has entered the advanced stage of industrialization. The great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention since liberation are accompanied by the rapid development of the regional economy in contemporary China and the great social practice of the socialist regional economy with Chinese characteristics. The great achievements made since China's reform and opening up are profoundly reflected in the changes of the regional spatial structure and the characteristics of the economic landscape. The characteristics and outstanding experience of the Ming Dynasty are as follows: First, along with the transformation of the economic system from the planned economy to the socialist market economy, the central government simplifies the government and decentralizes its power, implements the policy of "walking on two legs", gives full play to the two initiatives of the central and local governments, and gradually localizes and diversifies the stakeholders, thus greatly stimulating the development of various places. The second is to stick to the strategic policy of "letting some areas and some people become rich first" and "ultimately realizing common prosperity" in line with China's national conditions and implement the coastal economic development strategy, the Yangtze River economic belt strategy and the western development strategy to promote the revitalization of Northeast China. A series of regional development strategies and policies and measures, such as the strategy of strategic and central rise, have gradually moved from unbalanced development to balanced development, harmonious development and sustainable development. The regional development plan and the main function zoning of the city center have paid attention to the economic growth poles such as urban agglomerations, the cultivation of urban belts and regional central cities. The leading role of the growth axis has greatly enhanced the comprehensive competitiveness of the region from the single development of the city to the combined development. The implementation of these measures has brought about tremendous changes in the regional economic outlook, effectively promoted the overall situation of reform and development throughout the country, and laid a solid material foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Vietnam is a friendly neighbor of China and a socialist country and a developing country. Since the implementation of economic reform in 1986, Vietnam has begun to shift from a centralized planned economy to a market economy, vigorously developing an export-oriented economy, and actively cultivating a variety of economic components. The national economy has developed rapidly and the people's livelihood has improved greatly. In order to achieve the above-mentioned strategic objectives, Vietnam is facing a prominent problem, that is, how to formulate different regional economic development policies according to different local conditions, provincial conditions, local conditions and how to fully adjust them. To arouse the enthusiasm of local governments and all sectors of society to develop regional economy, maximize the advantages of resources and economic development potential of each region, promote and promote the overall promotion of the national economy through the rapid development of regional economy. A careful summary of China's major achievements and valuable experience in regional economic development will provide important enlightenment and reference for Vietnam's future development.
The first chapter introduces the research background, the significance, the research ideas, the technical routes and the main innovations. It defines and discriminates the key words of the region, the regional development, the regional policy, and summarizes the similarities and differences of the regional development policies between China and Vietnam.
Chapter two is a review of the research on regional development policy and its theoretical basis. It combs the relevant concepts of regional development policy, summarizes the research results of regional development policy at home and abroad from three levels of sub-state, state and super-state, and summarizes the general theories and relevant theories of regional economic development and regional development policy. This paper makes a systematic exposition and analysis from the perspective of equal theory.
Chapter three, the achievements, experiences and policies of regional development since China's reform and opening up, combs the evolution of regional economic development since China's reform and opening up, introduces the regional development policies at different stages of development, summarizes the main achievements of regional economic development since China's reform and opening up, and sums up the development of regional economy in China. Main experience.
The fourth chapter is an overview of Vietnam's regional economic development. It systematically summarizes Vietnam's natural conditions and natural resources, and comprehensively analyzes Vietnam's socio-economic basis for formulating regional development policies from the aspects of population distribution and labor resources, economic and social development level, and ethnic and cultural characteristics.
Chapter Five: Vietnam's Regional Development Achievements and Policies. This chapter comprehensively reviews and summarizes Vietnam's major achievements and policy measures since its reform in 1986. The planning and management of the economic region are described, and the impact of economic globalization on the regional development of Vietnam is analyzed from three aspects: foreign investment, international trade and international economic cooperation.
Chapter 6, China's regional development experience and China-Vietnam economic development prospects, summed up the achievements and experience of China's regional development since the reform and opening up to Vietnam's regional development and regional policy-making inspiration and reference, focusing on the Sino-Vietnamese/Vietnam border trade perspective of the Sino-Vietnamese regional economic cooperation and development situation. And future prospects of Sino Vietnamese regional economic cooperation and development.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124;F133.3

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