中小企业直接融资法律问题探究
发布时间：2019-04-22 21:24
【摘要】：在经济全球化过程中，其中一个非常重要推动力量就是中小企业的经济发展，其在解决就业、防范金融风险、协调区域经济、支援农业发展以及技术创新等方面有着重要意义。伴随着中小企业的经济地位日益提升，其成长之路也布满荆棘，直接融资难这一世纪难题，长期制约着我国中小企业的发展。针对这一难题，，我国也通过制定一系列法律法规来化解这一难题,但这些法律法规效力层级低不具有普遍约束力，法律条文宽泛界定模糊，实际执行缺乏可操作性，中小企业的直接融资问题并没有得到有效解决，直接融资困难依然是制约中小企业发展壮大的最大障碍。因此，很多学者针对中小企业直接融资这一全球难题进行了充分的研究，虽说取得了大量的研究成果，但主要是从经济学的角度来探讨中小企业直接融资的现状及原因，专门从立法层面规范中小企业直接融资的系统研究还相对匮乏。 本文试图用法学的视角来探讨我国中小企业直接融资的相关法律问题。文章除了引言和结尾外，共分为五个部分： 第一部分：中小企业融资的概述。首先对中小企业、融资、直接融资的相关概念做相关的界定，为论文分析中小企业融资的现状和造成中小企业直接融资困难的原因，以及为进一步透视我国中小企业直接融资面临的法律困境做一理论铺垫。 第二部分：中小企业直接融资的现状。在这个部分，一方面介绍了中小企业融资的现状和造成中小企业直接融资困难的原因。另一方面对当前我国中小企业直接融资的法律架构进行了介绍。在法律法规框架内梳理和寻求与我国中小企业直接融资的具体法律规范，为进一步完善我国中小企业直接融资法律制度提供具有针对性的实证依据。 第三部分：我国中小企业直接融资面临的法律困境。本部分指出，我国中小企业直接融资面临着相关法律法规笼统，政策效力层级低，相关法律规范存在冲突和不协调，股权融资方式存在法律适用障碍，债权融资方式存在法律适用障碍，民间借贷融资方式存在法律适用障碍,风险投资融资方式存在法律适用障碍等法律困境。 第四部分：域外中小企业直接融资法律制度的经验考察。本部分通过对美、日两个国家中小企业直接融资制度的比较分析，中小企业直接融资渠道畅通必须建立完善的中小企业法律支持体系，通过对美国、日本等发达国家直接融资法律制度的经验考察，进而为我国的中小企业直接融资立法提供借鉴。 第五部分：完善我国中小企业直接融资法律制度的具体路径。针对我国中小企业直接融资面临的一系列法律困境，本部分从加快制定中小企业基本法、建立健全的股权融资法律制度、完善融资担保法律制度、规范民间借贷融资法律制度、构建风险投资法律制度五个方面提出完善我国中小企业直接融资法律制度的具体路径。
[Abstract]:In the process of economic globalization, one of the most important driving forces is the economic development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which plays an important role in solving employment, preventing financial risks, coordinating regional economy, supporting agricultural development and technological innovation. With the increasing economic status of small and medium-sized enterprises, their growth road is also full of thorns. The difficulty of direct financing in the century restricts the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China for a long time. In view of this difficult problem, our country also through the formulation of a series of laws and regulations to solve this difficult problem, but these laws and regulations low level of effectiveness is not universal binding force, the broad definition of the legal provisions is vague, the actual implementation of the lack of operability, The problem of direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises has not been solved effectively, and the difficulty of direct financing is still the biggest obstacle to the development and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, many scholars have carried on the full research to the small and medium-sized enterprises direct financing this global problem, although has obtained a lot of research results, but mainly from the economic angle to discuss the small and medium-sized enterprises direct financing present situation and the reason, The systematic research on regulating the direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises from the legislative level is still relatively scarce. This paper attempts to explore the legal issues related to the direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China from the perspective of law. In addition to the introduction and the end, the article is divided into five parts: the first part: the overview of SME financing. First of all, the related concepts of SMEs, financing and direct financing are defined in order to analyze the current situation of SMEs financing and the reasons for the difficulties of SMEs direct financing. And for the further perspective of our small and medium-sized enterprises facing the legal difficulties of direct financing to do a theoretical groundwork. The second part: the current situation of direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. In this part, on the one hand, it introduces the current situation of SMEs financing and causes the difficulties of SMEs direct financing. On the other hand, it introduces the legal framework of direct financing for small and medium-sized enterprises in China. In the framework of laws and regulations, the author combs and seeks the specific legal norms of direct financing for small and medium-sized enterprises in China, which provides a specific empirical basis for further perfecting the legal system of direct financing for small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The third part: our country small and medium-sized enterprise direct financing faces the legal predicament. This part points out that the direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is faced with general laws and regulations, low level of policy effectiveness, conflicts and inconsistencies in relevant legal norms, and obstacles to the application of the law in the way of equity financing. There are legal difficulties in the way of debt financing, in the way of private borrowing and financing, in the way of financing in venture capital, in the application of law, and in the way of financing for non-governmental loans. The fourth part: the experience of the foreign SMEs direct financing legal system. Through the comparative analysis of the direct financing system of small and medium-sized enterprises in the United States and Japan, the direct financing channels of small and medium-sized enterprises must establish a perfect legal support system for small and medium-sized enterprises through the United States. The experience of the legal system of direct financing in Japan and other developed countries provides reference for the legislation of direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The fifth part: perfect our country small and medium-sized enterprise direct financing legal system concrete path. In view of a series of legal dilemmas faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in our country, this part is to accelerate the formulation of the basic Law of SMEs, establish a sound legal system of equity financing, perfect the legal system of financing guarantee, and standardize the legal system of private lending and financing. The construction of the legal system of venture capital puts forward the concrete path to perfect the legal system of direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.291.91;D922.28;D923
本文编号：2463208
[Abstract]:In the process of economic globalization, one of the most important driving forces is the economic development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which plays an important role in solving employment, preventing financial risks, coordinating regional economy, supporting agricultural development and technological innovation. With the increasing economic status of small and medium-sized enterprises, their growth road is also full of thorns. The difficulty of direct financing in the century restricts the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China for a long time. In view of this difficult problem, our country also through the formulation of a series of laws and regulations to solve this difficult problem, but these laws and regulations low level of effectiveness is not universal binding force, the broad definition of the legal provisions is vague, the actual implementation of the lack of operability, The problem of direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises has not been solved effectively, and the difficulty of direct financing is still the biggest obstacle to the development and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, many scholars have carried on the full research to the small and medium-sized enterprises direct financing this global problem, although has obtained a lot of research results, but mainly from the economic angle to discuss the small and medium-sized enterprises direct financing present situation and the reason, The systematic research on regulating the direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises from the legislative level is still relatively scarce. This paper attempts to explore the legal issues related to the direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China from the perspective of law. In addition to the introduction and the end, the article is divided into five parts: the first part: the overview of SME financing. First of all, the related concepts of SMEs, financing and direct financing are defined in order to analyze the current situation of SMEs financing and the reasons for the difficulties of SMEs direct financing. And for the further perspective of our small and medium-sized enterprises facing the legal difficulties of direct financing to do a theoretical groundwork. The second part: the current situation of direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. In this part, on the one hand, it introduces the current situation of SMEs financing and causes the difficulties of SMEs direct financing. On the other hand, it introduces the legal framework of direct financing for small and medium-sized enterprises in China. In the framework of laws and regulations, the author combs and seeks the specific legal norms of direct financing for small and medium-sized enterprises in China, which provides a specific empirical basis for further perfecting the legal system of direct financing for small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The third part: our country small and medium-sized enterprise direct financing faces the legal predicament. This part points out that the direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is faced with general laws and regulations, low level of policy effectiveness, conflicts and inconsistencies in relevant legal norms, and obstacles to the application of the law in the way of equity financing. There are legal difficulties in the way of debt financing, in the way of private borrowing and financing, in the way of financing in venture capital, in the application of law, and in the way of financing for non-governmental loans. The fourth part: the experience of the foreign SMEs direct financing legal system. Through the comparative analysis of the direct financing system of small and medium-sized enterprises in the United States and Japan, the direct financing channels of small and medium-sized enterprises must establish a perfect legal support system for small and medium-sized enterprises through the United States. The experience of the legal system of direct financing in Japan and other developed countries provides reference for the legislation of direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The fifth part: perfect our country small and medium-sized enterprise direct financing legal system concrete path. In view of a series of legal dilemmas faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in our country, this part is to accelerate the formulation of the basic Law of SMEs, establish a sound legal system of equity financing, perfect the legal system of financing guarantee, and standardize the legal system of private lending and financing. The construction of the legal system of venture capital puts forward the concrete path to perfect the legal system of direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.291.91;D922.28;D923
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