东北亚区域环境跨界污染的合作治理研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 00:27

本文关键词： 东北亚区域跨界污染合作治理　出处：《吉林大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着二十世纪人类工业文明的不断发展，环境破坏和污染物跨界问题日益呈现出多样化和严重化态势。大气污染和酸雨、森林面积减少和土地荒漠化、海洋与流域水体污染、生物多样性的减少以及危险废弃物越境转移等问题，已经逐渐威胁到人类的生存与发展，成为国际社会关注的核心问题。从另一个层面上来讲，环境问题也是最具有代表性的国际问题之一。全球环境生态系统是一个相互联通、不可分割的整体。因此，任何环境污染、资源滥用、生态破坏的风险压力都可能是跨国界的。由于环境的公共产品属性，和缺乏一个具有中央集权的“超国家”机构，使得跨界污染的外部性问题无法实现内部化。其导致的最终结果就是，尽管半个世纪以来，一方面全球性和区域性环境制度安排愈加密集；另一方面，跨界污染和区域性环境问题却并没有得到有效改善。作为世界上最具发展活力与潜力的区域之一，东北亚区域在经济快速发展的同时，也饱受跨界污染侵害：酸雨、沙尘天气、流域水污染与海洋污染等成为区域内各国不得不面对的共同威胁。对于此类污染问题而言，任何国家都既没有能力、也没有动力来单独解决；因此，如何通过合作治理的方式解决东北亚国家共同面临的跨界污染问题成为了各方关注的热点。然而尽管东北亚各国围绕跨界污染合作进行了一系列努力，但基本停留在会议讨论与情报交流阶段，仍缺乏现实约束力，难以应对突发情况；同时，东北亚国家在发展阶段上的异质性特征也进一步阻碍了合作的效果。本文立足经济学视角，在对国内外相关研究进行回顾的基础上，综合运用各学科研究跨界污染问题的理论与方法，分析了区域经济增长与环境污染之间的内在关联，以及跨界污染对区域贸易和福利的影响。在对东北亚区域跨界污染与环境合作现状进行全面分析的基础上，利用战略联盟理论研究了区域环境合作的可行性，，探讨了区域国家数量、联盟规模与合作稳定性之间的内在关联关系；利用改进的“贸易—环境”关联机制对区域环境合作中普遍存在的“搭便车”行为进行治理。通过回顾欧盟、北美和东盟的跨界污染治理和区域环境合作经验，从“利益关联机制”、“合作体系”与“合作环境”三方面为提升东北亚跨界污染治理能力，促进区域环境合作提供了对策建议。
[Abstract]:In 20th century, with the continuous development of human industrial civilization, environmental damage and pollutant transboundary problems increasingly show a diversified and serious situation, such as air pollution and acid rain, forest area reduction and land desertification. The problems of marine and watershed water pollution, the reduction of biodiversity and the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes have gradually threatened the survival and development of human beings and become the core issues concerned by the international community. On the other hand, the environmental problem is one of the most representative international problems. The global environmental ecosystem is a interconnected, indivisible whole. Therefore, any environmental pollution, resource abuse. Risk pressures for ecological destruction can all be cross-border, due to the nature of public goods in the environment and the lack of a centralized "supranational" institution. Making the externalities of transboundary pollution impossible to internalize. The end result is that, on the one hand, global and regional environmental institutional arrangements have become more intensive over the past half century; On the other hand, cross-boundary pollution and regional environmental problems have not been effectively improved. As one of the most dynamic and potential regions in the world, Northeast Asia is suffering from transboundary pollution, such as acid rain, sand and dust weather, while its economy is developing rapidly. Watershed water pollution and marine pollution have become a common threat that countries in the region have to face. For such pollution problems, no country has either the ability or the incentive to solve them alone; Therefore, how to solve the common problem of transboundary pollution in Northeast Asian countries through cooperative governance has become the focus of attention. However, although Northeast Asian countries have made a series of efforts around cross-border pollution cooperation. But basically stay in the meeting discussion and the information exchange stage, still lack the realistic binding force, it is difficult to deal with the unexpected situation; At the same time, the heterogeneity of Northeast Asian countries in the development stage also hinders the effect of cooperation. Based on the perspective of economics and on the basis of reviewing the relevant studies at home and abroad, this paper synthetically applies the theories and methods of various disciplines to study the problem of transboundary pollution. This paper analyzes the internal relationship between regional economic growth and environmental pollution, and the impact of transboundary pollution on regional trade and welfare. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the current situation of regional transboundary pollution and environmental cooperation in Northeast Asia. The feasibility of regional environmental cooperation is studied by using the theory of strategic alliance, and the relationship between the number of regional countries, the scale of alliance and the stability of cooperation is discussed. Improved "Trade-Environment" linkages are used to govern ride-free behaviour prevalent in regional environmental cooperation. The experiences of EU, North America and ASEAN in transboundary pollution governance and regional environmental cooperation are reviewed. From the three aspects of "interest correlation mechanism", "cooperation system" and "cooperative environment", the countermeasures and suggestions are provided for enhancing the capability of transboundary pollution control and promoting regional environmental cooperation in Northeast Asia.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X321;F114.46

【参考文献】