发展中国家基础设施与服务贸易动态比较优势的实证研究

发布时间：2018-10-22 11:23

【摘要】：20世纪80年代以来,国际服务贸易发展迅速,不仅总量快速增长,结构也在加快升级。在世界服务贸易格局中,发展中国家总体处于劣势地位,难以与发达国家抗衡,发展中国家要想在国际服务贸易中处于有利地位,必须要实现服务贸易比较优势的动态转变。根据国内外学者的研究,服务贸易比较优势动态转变的两种基本途径是要素积累和技术进步,而一国基础设施的投入不仅能促进各种不同生产要素的积累,而且会对技术进步产生一定的影响,各国学者的实证研究也证明了基础设施对贸易和经济增长的重要作用。因此,本文尝试从广义基础设施角度出发,从理论和实证方面研究基础设施与服务贸易动态比较优势演化的关系,对提升发展中国家服务贸易的比较优势,具有重要的意义。理论研究方面,首先从广义角度对基础设施进行界定,然后借鉴H.Oniki and H.Uzawa的分析框架以及李默尔的“要素禀赋三角”来研究基础设施、要素积累以及服务贸易动态比较优势的关系,将传统的三种生产要素进行修正,详细分析了基础设施如何对应不同生产要素的积累从而影响服务贸易动态比较优势。实证研究方面,首先对发展中国家服务贸易比较优势的现状进行分析,然后研究了中国基础设施投入与服务贸易动态比较优势的相关关系,再主要对发展中国家1995-2012年的面板数据进行计量回归分析,并与发达国家样本的回归结果进行比较。结果表明：基础设施投入对发展中国家服务贸易比较优势的动态转变具有重要的影响。其中,生产性基础设施对发展中国家服务贸易出口总量的提升作用大于贸易结构；非生产性基础设施对发展中国家服务贸易出口总量和结构的促进作用有待提升；制度性基础设施对发展中国家服务贸易出口总量的增加有较明显作用,对贸易结构的促进作用有待提升。而与发达国家对比显示：发展中国家的生产性基础设施和制度性基础设施对服务贸易比较优势的提升作用更明显,而非生产性基础设施对服务贸易比较优势的影响不及发达国家。最后,针对发展中国家服务贸易动态比较优势现状以及实证结果提出了相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since 1980's, international service trade has developed rapidly. In the pattern of world trade in services, developing countries are in an inferior position in general and difficult to compete with developed countries. If developing countries want to be in a favorable position in international trade in services, they must realize the dynamic transformation of comparative advantages of trade in services. According to the research of scholars at home and abroad, the two basic approaches to the dynamic transformation of comparative advantage in service trade are factor accumulation and technological progress, and the investment in infrastructure of a country can not only promote the accumulation of various factors of production. And it will have a certain impact on technological progress. The empirical research of scholars in various countries has also proved that infrastructure plays an important role in trade and economic growth. Therefore, this paper attempts to study the relationship between infrastructure and the evolution of dynamic comparative advantage of service trade from the point of view of generalized infrastructure and from the theoretical and empirical aspects. It is of great significance to enhance the comparative advantage of developing countries in services trade. In theoretical research, we define infrastructure from a broad perspective, and then use H.Oniki and H.Uzawa 's analytical framework and Limer's "Factor Endowment Triangle" to study infrastructure. Based on the relationship between factor accumulation and dynamic comparative advantage of service trade, the traditional three factors of production are revised, and how the infrastructure corresponds to the accumulation of different factors of production is analyzed in detail to influence the dynamic comparative advantage of trade in services. In the aspect of empirical research, this paper first analyzes the current situation of developing countries' comparative advantage in services trade, and then studies the correlation between China's infrastructure investment and the dynamic comparative advantage of trade in services. Then the panel data of developing countries from 1995 to 2012 are analyzed and compared with those of developed countries. The results show that infrastructure investment plays an important role in the dynamic transformation of developing countries' comparative advantage in services trade. Among them, the contribution of productive infrastructure to the total export of services trade of developing countries is greater than that of trade structure, and that of non-productive infrastructure to the total volume and structure of services trade of developing countries needs to be enhanced. Institutional infrastructure plays a significant role in increasing the total exports of developing countries' services trade, while promoting the trade structure needs to be enhanced. Compared with the developed countries, the productive infrastructure and institutional infrastructure of the developing countries play a more important role in enhancing the comparative advantage of trade in services. The influence of non-productive infrastructure on the comparative advantage of trade in services is not as good as that of developed countries. Finally, the paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations on the dynamic comparative advantage of developing countries' service trade and empirical results.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F746.18;F112.1

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