规避“中等收入陷阱”的国际比较及其对中国的启示

发布时间：2019-05-09 19:04

【摘要】：2006年，世界银行在《东亚经济发展报告》中提出了“中等收入陷阱”的概念，并指出中等收入国家在这个阶段往往很难进入高等收入国家的行列，经济容易处于停滞状态，国家陷入一种劳动力成本无法与低收入国家相竞争，科学技术无法与高收入国家相抗衡的两难境地，引发了广大学者的关注。按世界银行公布的标准，人均GDP远超3865美元的中国已经列入高中等收入国家的行列，并开始向高等收入国家行列靠拢。然而，近期中国经济增长速度已然放缓，长期支撑中国经济快速增长的人口红利，要素红利以及全球化红利的优势也在逐渐消退，““中等收入陷阱””是中国即将面对的一次重大挑战，，中国能否成功的规避“中等收入陷阱”，对中国经济的持续发展和社会的稳定都有着十分重要的意义。文章在阐述“中等收入陷阱”的概念、特征和成因的基础上，通过对中韩和中巴两组国家分别作对比，比较两组国家在经济发展阶段、产业结构、教育程度、收入分配和对外贸易等方面的异同，总结了两国对中国的经济发展的借鉴作用。结合中国社会经济的具体发展情况，为中国规避“中等收入陷阱”提供政策建议。首先，要加大科技研发力度，加强技术创新，推动产业结构升级，扩大服务业占GDP的比重；其次，要重视教育发展，保证受教育的公平性，加强素质教育，积极鼓励社会力量投资办学，培养优秀人力资源；再次，要完善收入分配体制，调整国民收入分配格局，努力缩小贫富差距，积极促进社会流动，打破城乡二元体制；最后要大力发展国际贸易，实施保护性出口促进战略，积极发展区域集团贸易。为我国规避中等收入陷阱创造有利条件。
[Abstract]:In 2006, the World Bank put forward the concept of "middle-income trap" in the East Asian Economic Development report, and pointed out that middle-income countries are often difficult to enter the ranks of high-income countries at this stage and their economies are prone to stagnation. The country is caught in the dilemma that the labor cost can not compete with the low-income country, and the science and technology can not compete with the high-income country, which has attracted the attention of the majority of scholars. According to World Bank standards, China, with a per capita GDP of well over $3865, has joined the ranks of high school and other income countries and has begun to move closer to the ranks of high-income countries. However, China's economic growth has slowed in the near future, and the advantages of the demographic dividend, factor dividend and globalization dividend, which have supported China's rapid economic growth for a long time, are fading. "Middle income trap" is a major challenge that China is about to face. Whether China can successfully avoid the "middle income trap" is of great significance to the sustainable development of China's economy and social stability. On the basis of expounding the concept, characteristics and causes of the "middle income trap", this paper compares China, South Korea and China and Pakistan in the stage of economic development, industrial structure, and education level, by comparing China and South Korea and China and Pakistan, respectively, on the basis of the definition, characteristics and causes of the "middle income trap". The similarities and differences between income distribution and foreign trade sum up the reference function of the two countries to China's economic development. Combined with the specific development of China's social economy, this paper provides policy suggestions for China to avoid the "middle income trap". First of all, it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological research and development, strengthen technological innovation, promote the upgrading of industrial structure, and expand the proportion of service industry in GDP. Secondly, we should attach importance to the development of education, ensure the fairness of education, strengthen quality education, actively encourage social forces to invest in running schools, and cultivate excellent human resources. Thirdly, it is necessary to improve the income distribution system, adjust the pattern of national income distribution, strive to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, actively promote social mobility, and break the dual system between urban and rural areas. Finally, we should vigorously develop international trade, implement protective export promotion strategy, and actively develop regional group trade. To create favorable conditions for our country to avoid the middle income trap.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7;F113.8

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