新时期我国收入分配公平问题研究

发布时间：2019-06-24 09:52

【摘要】：改革开放三十多年来，我国取得举世瞩目的成就。名义GDP已经超越日本，居世界第二位。2013年人均国民生产总值达到6629美元，位居世界第86位，已经步入中等收入国家行列。但是收入分配不公现状仍旧存在，收入分配不公问题是当前我国面临的亟待解决。收入分配不公极大的影响了社会公平正义，在人民中埋下不安定的隐患，影响社会和谐。当前我国初次分配过程中居民收入产生差距，由于再分配手段不完善，没有发挥缩小收入差距的作用，反而拉大收入差距。新时期（21世纪的头二十年）是我国发展的重要战略机遇期，又处于社会矛盾凸显期，是改革的攻坚期和深水区。推进收入分配公平将为中国梦的实现创造良好环境、促进经济长期平稳快速发展、是实现共同富裕的基本途径。本文通过数据分析研究方法、文献分析研究方法，分为四个章节研究收入分配公平问题。第一章是引言部分，主要阐述选题目的、选题理论与现实意义、文章的创新点。第二章是收入分配公平的相关概述，对公平的内涵以及马克思的收入分配公平理论进行深入研究，为之后的研究打下理论基础。同时理顺了我国收入分配公平理念的发展历程，并论述了每一时期理念对我国人民生活产生的影响。第三章为分析现阶段我国收入分配不公的现状及原因，按照城乡分析，农村居民人均纯收入增长缓慢，城乡内部居民收入差距扩大。按照行业分析，我国职工工资人均收入前十位的行业中，一半是垄断性行业，一般是高新科技行业，说明垄断以及受教育程度，对居民收入影响较大。按四大区域划分，我国居民收入呈现“东高西低”现状，各省之间城镇居民、农村居民收入差距明显。尤其是当人民发现身边群体与自身产生差距时，会使他们更加关注收入分配公平问题，进而影响社会和谐稳定，在社会中蕴藏不稳定因素。根据我国我国收入分配不公现状，分析产生此问题的具体原因，包括人民收入增长与GDP增长不协调、城乡收入差距短期难以弥合、行业间工资收入差距扩大、居民收入的区域分配不平衡。第四章为推进我国收入分配公平提出具体对策，依据马克思主义的收入分配公平理论，结合当前我国实际情况，为推动我国收入分配公平提出具体措施，主要包括：实行工资制度改革，推进工资性收入倍增计划、统筹城乡发展，促进劳动力的自由流动、充分发挥再分配的平衡作用。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements. Nominal GDP has overtaken Japan and ranked second in the world. In 2013, per capita gross national product reached US $6629, ranking 86th in the world, and has entered the ranks of middle-income countries. However, the current situation of unfair income distribution still exists, and the problem of unfair income distribution is an urgent problem to be solved in our country at present. The unfair distribution of income has greatly affected social fairness and justice, buried the hidden danger of instability among the people, and affected social harmony. At present, there is a gap in the income of residents in the process of initial distribution in our country. Because the means of redistribution are not perfect, it does not play a role in narrowing the income gap, on the contrary, it widens the income gap. The new period (the first 20 years of the 21st century) is an important strategic opportunity period for the development of our country, and it is also in the prominent period of social contradictions, which is the key period of reform and the deep water area. Promoting the fairness of income distribution will create a good environment for the realization of Chinese Dream and promote the long-term, steady and rapid development of the economy, which is the basic way to achieve common prosperity. Through data analysis and literature analysis, this paper is divided into four chapters to study the fairness of income distribution. The first chapter is the introduction, mainly describes the purpose of the topic, the theoretical and practical significance of the topic, the innovation of the article. The second chapter is an overview of income distribution fairness, which makes an in-depth study of the connotation of fairness and Marx's theory of income distribution fairness, which lays a theoretical foundation for the following research. At the same time, it straightens out the development course of the concept of income distribution fairness in our country, and discusses the influence of the concept in each period on the life of our people. The third chapter is to analyze the current situation and causes of unfair income distribution in China. According to the analysis of urban and rural areas, the per capita net income of rural residents is growing slowly, and the income gap between urban and rural residents is widening. According to the industry analysis, half of the top ten industries with wage per capita income in China are monopolistic industries, generally high-tech industries, indicating that monopoly and educational level have a great impact on the income of residents. According to the four regions, the income of residents in China is "high in the east and low in the west", and the income gap between urban residents and rural residents is obvious. Especially when the people find that there is a gap between the groups around them and themselves, they will pay more attention to the problem of income distribution fairness, and then affect the social harmony and stability, and contain unstable factors in the society. According to the present situation of unfair income distribution in China, this paper analyzes the specific causes of this problem, including the inharmony between people's income growth and GDP growth, the fact that the income gap between urban and rural areas is difficult to bridge in a short period of time, the widening wage income gap between industries, and the imbalance in the regional distribution of residents' income. The fourth chapter puts forward some concrete countermeasures to promote the fairness of income distribution in our country, according to the Marxist theory of income distribution fairness, combined with the actual situation of our country, and puts forward some concrete measures to promote the fairness of income distribution in our country, including: carrying out the reform of wage system, promoting wage income doubling plan, coordinating the development of urban and rural areas, promoting the free movement of labor force, and giving full play to the balanced role of redistribution.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7

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