基于偿债基金的助学贷款偿还模式

发布时间：2018-02-23 08:05

本文关键词： 助学贷款偿还模式偿债基金还款负担率　出处：《教育学术月刊》2014年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：我国助学贷款偿还模式一直沿用开办初期的定期等额本息偿还法和定期等额本金偿还法。这两种模式的还款负担率都是前高后低,还贷初期部分还款人的还贷压力过大,还款额固定,缺乏灵活性。本文首提助学贷款偿债基金偿还模式,并在分析其优缺点的基础上,讨论了基于偿债基金的定期等额本金偿还模式、定期等额本息偿还模式和定期等比递增偿还模式。基于偿债基金的定期等额本金偿还模式和定期等额本息偿还模式有较大的灵活性。银行可以通过提高偿债基金的利率和争取国家减免利息税政策来吸引还款人存款和提前还贷,增加了银行的调控手段,有利于降低违约率。这两种模式只需为每位还款人建立一个偿债基金,其他还款政策不变,因此可与现行政策无缝衔接,具有很强的可操作性。理论分析和实例还说明,基于偿债基金的定期等比递增偿还模式所具有的前述优点更加明显,而且还可以通过选择还款额按期递增的比率来调整各期的还款负担率,使得各期还款负担相对均衡,或者达到"还贷初期略低,后期略高"的理想状态。对个人收入不够透明的发展中国家,该方法可操作性强,违约率低,又具有较高的灵活性,可以达到或接近按收入比例还款法的效果。
[Abstract]:The repayment mode of student loan in our country has been using the method of regular equivalent principal and interest repayment and the method of regular equal principal repayment in the early stage of operation. The repayment burden rate of these two models is both high and low, and the repayment pressure of some repayments at the initial stage of repayment is too great. Based on the analysis of its merits and demerits, this paper discusses the regular equivalent principal repayment model based on the debt service fund. The fixed equivalent principal and interest repayment model and the periodic equal ratio incremental repayment mode. Based on the debt service fund, the fixed equal principal repayment model and the fixed equivalent principal and interest repayment model have more flexibility. Banks can improve the repayment fund. Interest rates and national interest tax breaks to attract borrowers to deposit and repay their loans in advance, The increased regulation of banks helps to reduce default rates. The two models only need to set up a repayment fund for each borrower, while other repayment policies remain unchanged, so they can be seamlessly linked to existing policies. The theoretical analysis and examples also show that the periodic equalization based on debt service fund has more obvious advantages than the incremental repayment model. Moreover, we can adjust the repayment burden rate of each period by choosing the ratio of increasing repayment amount on schedule, so that the repayment burden of each period is relatively balanced, or we can achieve "the initial loan repayment period is slightly lower." For developing countries whose personal income is not transparent enough, this method has the advantages of high maneuverability, low default rate and high flexibility, which can achieve or approach the effect of the income proportional repayment method.
【作者单位】：九江学院理学院;
【基金】：2011年教育部人文社科规划基金项目“基于税收优惠政策的国家助学贷款最优担保机制研究”(11YJA790224)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：G649.2;F832.479

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