国际法中的碳关税理论问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 14:02

本文关键词： 碳减排碳关税碳税 WTO规则碳排放权　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：全球变暖问题已经到了不容忽视的地步,世界各国也已经意识到碳减排的重要性。2016年生效的《巴黎协定》掀开了新一轮节能减排、绿色发展的篇章。减排责任的差异性引起欧美等国的强烈不满,理由是采取强制减排措施会削弱本国产品的国际竞争力和引起"碳泄漏"问题,因此,欧美等国为在国际贸易中争取更多的主导权,利用本国资金和技术优势,提出"碳关税"措施迫使发展中国家被动参与到强制减排行列。本文的主体部分由导论、正文、结语构成。导论部分主要分析了选择这个题目的理论意义和现实意义,国内外研究现状及研究方法。正文从碳关税产生的背景、理论基础知识和碳关税是否符合WTO相关法律规则这三大部分进行了详细的阐述。第一部分是论述碳关税产生的原因,包括环境污染原因,碳减排是大势所趋;历史原因—一《京都议定书》规定各国承担不同的减排责任,引起发达国家的不满。政治经济原因是最根本的原因,发达国家实施碳关税的根本目的是维护本国的国际政治经济地位和国际竞争力。第二部分是关于碳关税的理论问题研究。本部分从细节入手,从国际经济法角度分析碳关税的经济学原理,运用对比研究方法,探讨碳关税的法律性质及表现形式,对碳关税的基础理论作了一个全面的阐述,这部分是深入研究碳关税的重要前提。该部分笔者的创新点在于对碳关税的现有模式做了区分研究,并且在分析碳关税的性质和合法性问题时也是针对碳关税的现有模式分别展开探讨。第三部分是本文的重点也是难点,主要研究碳关税与WTO的宗旨、一般规则、例外规定是否相符的问题。大部分学者对碳关税的合法性持否定态度,笔者在本部分根据相关案例对WTO相关原则中关键词的解析和以往学者的不同观点,辩证的阐述了自己的观点,最后得出在WTO下碳关税可以取得合法性依据的结论。本部分,笔者的创新点在于国民待遇原则下虽然PPMs标准不能作为判断同类产品的要素,但是对于"与产品性能无关的PPMs标准"与碳关税的关系作了新的理解,弥补了该部分的研究空缺,并且对碳关税是否符合"必需"的要求作了不同的理解。结语部分,笔者总结概括了碳关税在WTO框架下可以获得WTO 一般原则和GATT第20条一般例外规定的法律支持,碳关税具有一定的合法性,并且从欧美国家对碳关税的态度、技术、世界各国碳交易市场的逐步扩大等方面预测了碳关税在未来实施的可能性。
[Abstract]:The issue of global warming has reached a point that cannot be ignored, and countries around the world have also realized the importance of carbon abatement. The Paris Agreement, which came into force on 2016, has opened a new round of energy conservation and emission reduction. The differences in emission reduction responsibilities have aroused strong dissatisfaction in countries such as Europe and the United States on the grounds that the adoption of compulsory emission reduction measures would weaken the international competitiveness of their products and lead to "carbon leakage" problems. In order to gain more leadership in international trade, Europe and the United States and other countries put forward the "carbon tariff" measures to force developing countries to participate in the compulsory emission reduction by taking advantage of their own financial and technological advantages. The introduction mainly analyzes the theoretical and practical significance of choosing this topic, the current research situation and research methods at home and abroad, and the background of the text from carbon tariff. The theoretical basic knowledge and whether carbon tariff is in accordance with the relevant legal rules of WTO are elaborated in detail. The first part discusses the causes of carbon tariffs, including the causes of environmental pollution, carbon emission reduction is the trend of the times; Historical reasons-the "Kyoto Protocol" stipulates that countries should bear different responsibilities for reducing emissions, causing dissatisfaction in developed countries. Political and economic reasons are the most fundamental reasons. The fundamental purpose of the implementation of carbon tariffs in developed countries is to safeguard their international political and economic status and international competitiveness. The second part is the theoretical research on carbon tariffs. This paper analyzes the economic principle of carbon tariff from the angle of international economic law, discusses the legal nature and manifestation of carbon tariff by means of comparative research, and makes a comprehensive exposition of the basic theory of carbon tariff. This part is the important premise of the in-depth study of carbon tariffs. The innovation of this part is to distinguish the existing models of carbon tariffs. And when analyzing the nature and legality of carbon tariff, it also discusses the existing model of carbon tariff respectively. The third part is the emphasis and difficulty of this paper, which mainly studies the purpose and general rules of carbon tariff and WTO. Most scholars have a negative attitude to the legality of carbon tariffs. In this part, the author analyzes the key words in the relevant WTO principles according to the relevant cases and different viewpoints of previous scholars. Dialectically elaborated own viewpoint, finally obtained under the WTO carbon tariff may obtain the legitimacy basis conclusion. This part, the author's innovation point lies under the national treatment principle although the PPMs standard cannot be used as the judgment similar product essential factor, However, there is a new understanding of the relationship between PPMs standards and carbon tariffs, which makes up for the gaps in the study of carbon tariffs, and a different understanding of whether carbon tariffs meet the requirements of "required". The author summarizes that carbon tariff can be supported by the general principles of WTO and the general exception of Article 20 of GATT under the framework of WTO. Carbon tariff has certain legitimacy, and from the attitude of European and American countries to carbon tariff, technology, The possibility of carbon tariff implementation in the future is predicted by the gradual expansion of carbon trading market around the world.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.9

【相似文献】