贝利撒留研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 12:13

  本文选题：6世纪 + 拜占廷帝国　； 参考：《南开大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：贝利撒留是拜占廷帝国最著名的将领之一,他所生活的时代是拜占廷帝国历史上的一大“黄金时期”。在经历了阿纳斯塔修斯和查士丁两朝的积淀后,查士丁尼的登基为帝国翻开了一个新的篇章。他一方面推行涵盖政治、经济、宗教等领域的新政；另一方面,为了维护统治,稳固皇权,他一再削弱元老势力,并大胆启用一批平民出身,才干智谋出众的官员。贝利撒留、卡帕多西亚的约翰,甚至查士丁尼的妻子赛奥多拉的出现便是这一历史背景下的结果。 作为查士丁尼忠实强悍的部下,贝利撒留在帝国政治、军事战略中发挥着较为重要的作用。从政治上来看,贝利撒留是帝国上层军事贵族,他手握重权,多次帮助查士丁尼帝维护帝国统治秩序,如尼卡暴动、利比亚兵变、西西里兵变等。他与查士丁尼之间的私交对帝国政治也产生着一定影响；从军事上来看,自披甲出征起直到最后一次率军阻挡匈奴人入侵,长达34年的时间里,贝利撒留大多数时候都在为实现查士丁尼的帝国战略浴血奋战。在数十年东征西战中,他成功地率军抵抗了来自波斯帝国的强大军事威胁,收复了北非,也为拜占廷帝国最终收复意大利打下了坚实的基础。然而,随着贝利撒留名誉和财富的增加,加之他与查士丁尼之间矛盾的不断加深,贝利撒留也成为在客观上挑战查士丁尼皇权的一大威胁。 此外,贝利撒留也是拜占廷军事史上的一个重要人物。他在作战中表现出的勇气、精神和智慧；他优秀的统帅能力和行之有效的战略战术、对战机的把握和对全局的运筹帷幄等军事才能成为获胜的关键,也构成他的将才和将道的主体；贝利撒留高尚的品德作风与其他同僚相比时显得更加突出,他受到民众和士兵的敬服,声名远播帝国内外。 纵观贝利撒留的一生,他的政治成败和军事得失相辅相成。尽管在早期他得益于查士丁尼的信任和赛奥多拉的政治庇佑,后期却也因政治上的失势导致军事上的败局。然而无论如何,贝利撒留对拜占廷军事艺术的贡献是不容忽视的。他对古罗马时期军事艺术的继承和借鉴,以及对拜占廷重装骑兵的革新与改良,都对后来拜占廷军事艺术的发展产生了较大的影响。不仅如此,贝利撒留的影响延续后世,他的形象并未随着时间的远去消逝于历史长河中。
[Abstract]:Bailey Sarius is one of the most famous generals of the Byzantine Empire, the age in which he lived is a "golden age" in the history of the Byzantine Empire. After Anas Thascius and Justin two dynasties history, Char J Martin Ni ascended the throne and opened a new chapter for the Empire. He pursued including politics, economy, religion, etc. in the field of the new deal; on the other hand, in order to maintain the rule, strong imperial power, he repeatedly weakened veteran forces, and boldly a commoner, outstanding talent wisdom official. Bailey Sarius, John of Cappadocia, even Char J Martin Ni's wife Sai Odo La is the historical background of the results.
As Char J Martin Ni's loyal powerful men in the Empire, Belisarius politics plays a more important role in military strategy. From the political point of view, is the top military aristocracy Belisarius Empire, his heavy right hand, many times to help Char J Martin Nidhi maintain imperial order, such as the Nika riots, Libya mutiny, Sicily mutiny. His personal relationship with Char J Martin Ni the Empire political also produced a certain effect; from the military point of view, since the war until the last armored army blocked the Huns invaded, 34 years time, most of the time in Belisarius to realize Char J Martin Ni's empire strategy bloody battles. After decades of conquest of the west, he successfully resisted the army a strong military threat from the Persian Empire, recover Africa, as well as the Byzantine Empire eventually regained Italy laid a solid foundation. However, with the Bailey Sarius's reputation and wealth increase, and the contradiction between him and Charles is increasing. Bailey Sarius has also become a major threat to the imperial power of the city.
In addition, an important figure in the history of the Byzantine military and Belisarius. He showed courage in combat, spirit and wisdom; his good general ability and effective strategies and tactics of the aircraft and to grasp the global military strategist can become the key to winning, also constitute his ability and will be the main road Belisarius; noble character style when compared with other colleagues he becomes even more prominent, by the people and soldiers respect, reputation inside and outside the Empire.
Throughout the life of Belisarius, his political and military success and complement each other. Although in the early he benefited from Justinian's trust and Sai Odo La's political protection, but also because of the late political power to defeat the military. However, in any case, Belisarius is ignored on Byzantine military contribution to the art of his military and reference. The art of ancient Rome period, inheritance, innovation and improvement of the Byzantine heavy cavalry, had a great influence on the development of later Byzantine military art. Moreover, the influence of Belisarius lasting, his image has not as time gone away with history.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K134
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本文编号：1768330