论我国假释制度的缺陷及完善

发布时间：2018-04-19 08:34

本文选题：假释 + 刑罚　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：假释制度是指国家的法定机关根据立法规定,对认真遵守监管、积极接受劳动改造的罪犯,在执行法定刑期之后,对其附条件提前释放的一种制度。假释制度起源于澳大利亚,经过一系列的传播,清末传入我国,并在《大清新刑律》中得到明文规定。新中国成立以后,假释制度得到了不断发展与完善。在现代法治国家,假释被认为是法律赋予罪犯获得自由的一项权利,这项权利能够激励罪犯积极接受教育改造,重新适应社会,因此,假释具有“桥梁”的作用。此外,假释还具有缓解监狱的监管压力、节约国家司法成本的作用。在我国,假释制度自从确立以后,经过一系列的发展与完善,形成了较为完整的体系,这对我国立法与司法实践具有重要意义。但是,在立法与司法实践中,假释适用率比较低,适用地域不均衡,究其原因是假释制度还存在一些缺陷。在我国立法与司法实践中,假释制度主要在适用条件、启动主体方式、归属权、执行刑期、监督机制、撤销条件等七个方面存在缺陷与不足,这些缺陷与不足导致假释制度在司法实践的适用过程中呈现适用地域不均、适用范围偏窄、适用率偏低的特点。我国假释制度在适用条件方面的不足,主要体现在立法仅将无期徒刑与有期徒刑作为适用刑种对象、假释适用刑期条件过长、假释的实质适用条件规定过宽、假释的禁止性适用条件规定过严；假释在启动方式上的不足主要体现在启动主体单一,我国刑法仅将监管机构规定为假释的启动主体；假释在归属权上的缺陷体现在：我国立法仅将法院作为假释的裁定主体,其他任何机关与个人不能作为假释的裁定主体；假释在量刑上的不足主要体现在我国的假释评估体系不健全；假释在执行考验期限的不足主要体现在：执行考验期限规定过于绝对；假释在监督机制上的缺陷体现在：我国刑法对假释犯在考验期间的监督规定过于宽泛,缺乏可操作性,司法实践中,监督流于形式；假释在撤销条件上的缺陷体现在：我国刑法对假释的撤销规定同样过于宽松,造成假释犯易被撤销假释,重新收监关押。假释制度是法治社会发展的必然结果,由于各个国家在政治、经济、文化上存在差异,各国对假释在立法上的规定与司法实践中的适用也有所不同。因此,通过对国外假释制度的借鉴,对完善我国的假释制度具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Parole system refers to a system in which the legal organs of the country, in accordance with the provisions of legislation, conscientiously abide by the supervision and actively accept the reform through labour, and release them in advance with conditions after the execution of the legal sentence.The parole system originated in Australia. After a series of spreading, it was introduced into China in the late Qing Dynasty.After the founding of New China, parole system has been continuously developed and improved.In a modern country ruled by law, parole is regarded as a right that the law endows criminals with freedom. This right can encourage criminals to accept education and reform actively and adapt to the society. Therefore, parole has the function of "bridge".In addition, parole also has the function of relieving the prison supervision pressure and saving the national judicial cost.Since the establishment of parole system in China, a relatively complete system has been formed through a series of development and perfection, which is of great significance to the legislation and judicial practice of our country.However, in the legislative and judicial practice, the parole application rate is relatively low, the application region is uneven, the reason is that the parole system still has some defects.In the legislative and judicial practice of our country, the parole system has some defects in seven aspects, such as the applicable conditions, the way of starting the subject, the right of ownership, the execution of the sentence, the mechanism of supervision, the condition of revocation, etc.These defects and deficiencies lead to the application of parole system in the judicial practice in the process of uneven application, narrow scope of application, low application rate.The deficiency of the parole system in our country is mainly reflected in the fact that the legislation only takes life imprisonment and fixed-term imprisonment as the object of punishment, the conditions for parole are too long and the essential conditions for parole are too wide.The limitation of parole in the starting mode is mainly reflected in the single starting subject, and the supervision agency is only stipulated as the starting subject in the criminal law of our country.The defects of parole in the right of belonging are as follows: our legislation only regards the court as the ruling subject of parole, and any other organs and individuals can not be the ruling subject of parole;The deficiency of parole in sentencing is mainly reflected in the unsound parole evaluation system in our country, the deficiency of parole in the execution of the test period is mainly reflected in: the provisions on the execution of the test period are too absolute;The defects of parole supervision mechanism are as follows: the supervision of parole offenders in our criminal law is too broad, lack of maneuverability, and supervision is a mere formality in judicial practice;The limitation of parole in revocation condition is that the revocation regulation of parole in criminal law of our country is also too loose, which makes parole offenders easy to be revoked and imprisoned again.Parole system is the inevitable result of the development of the rule of law society. Due to the political, economic and cultural differences in each country, the application of parole in legislation and judicial practice is also different.Therefore, it is of great significance to perfect the parole system of our country by drawing lessons from the parole system abroad.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.13

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