美国首脑在中国大学演讲的批评话语分析

发布时间：2018-04-28 18:42

本文选题：批评话语分析 + 美国首脑演讲　；参考：《北京工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前，越来越多的研究关注美国首脑在中国大学进行的演讲。多数研究从人际意义、礼貌原则、文体分析以及隐喻的理论视角探讨美国首脑在中国大学的演讲，极少是从批评话语分析角度进行研究的。事实上，话语中往往包含意识形态和权力关系，其并非是透明的媒介。从这方面讲，运用批评话语分析理论研究美国首脑在中国大学的演讲对揭露话语中隐藏的意识形态和权力关系是很有意义的。基于此，本文运用费尔克劳的话语三维度理论框架以及韩礼德的功能语法对美国首脑在中国大学的演讲进行批评话语分析，旨在发现演讲的语言特征以及这些精心选择的语言形式是如何加强美国首脑演讲的言语之力，使之内容更加充实紧凑、语言更富感染力。此外，社会历史背景对话语产出有何影响以及话语中隐藏的意识形态和权力关系也将会被一一分析。本文采用定性研究和定量研究相结合的方法，取得如下研究成果： 1)本文共选取11篇样本，在描述阶段，从实现概念功能、人际功能以及语篇功能的角度分析总结了演讲的语言特征。在概念功能方面，美国首脑在演讲中使用不同的及物性过程并且不同过程比例分布具有鲜明特点。关系过程，物质过程和心理过程是被广泛使用的三种过程。关系过程的使用可以更好体现事物之间的关系，使逻辑清晰。物质过程和心理过程的使用可以使内容充实并煽情。在演讲中，一些词汇被反复提及，体现美国首脑反复强调的内容。这些内容往往是演讲的重点。大量名物化和被动化的使用，保持了话语的客观性，使其听起来更加委婉、平和。在人际功能方面，不同值的情态动词取得不同表达效果。美国首脑使用大量第一人称代词使得演讲听起来更加亲切、友好。此外，演讲中运用大量修辞手法，体现了首脑们演讲的造诣，更使演讲生动形象。在语篇功能方面，有标记主位的运用使诸如时间、地点、人物、环境等相关信息得以被强调，使人记忆深刻。不同连接词的运用使上下文更加连贯，演讲思路缜密。 2）在阐释阶段，美国首脑们运用概念功能，主要是通过对词汇、及物性和转换的使用，来对具体事件进行还原和描述，从而在听众心目中构建起一幅幅生灵活现的画面，使之了解演讲的主要内容。此外，美国首脑在演讲时拥有不同的主体身份，扮演不同的角色。他们既是美国官员，具有独一无二的权威，又是美国公民，秉承并宣扬美国的核心价值观，同时还扮演学生们的良师益友，以近乎真诚的口吻教诲学生。首脑们运用不同人称代词，游刃于不同的角色中，且每次角色的转换也都达到了理想的效果，成功实现了人际功能，使演讲更富有说服力、感染力。而话语及其隐藏其中的意识形态和权力关系也就被顺利地消费和传播。 3）在解释阶段，美国首脑在中国大学进行的演讲是产生于特殊的社会历史背景下。在新的世界政治经济格局下，中国的崛起使得美国首脑既为之赞叹又为之惊讶。中国的迅猛发展，使之成为世界一颗新星。美国首脑在认同中国发展的同时，也希望与中国在不同领域建立战略合作伙伴关系，促进美国经济发展。尽管如此，演讲中仍存在权力关系和意识形态。就权力关系而言，美国首脑仍是高高在上，其独特的官员身份以及作为演讲者的有力条件使涉世未深的中国大学生处于被动位置。演讲事件中讲话者与听众处于不平等的地位，听众更易受控制。此外，美国首脑在人权、市场开放等方面对中国仍存有保留态度甚至摆出批评姿态。在提及苏联、朝鲜以及中东时，流露出大量偏见，反映出对这些国家和地区长时间的偏见。从理论角度看，本文从批评话语分析视角对美国首脑在中国的大学的演讲进行分析，，具有独特性且富有意义。从实践角度看，本文有助于培养大学生的批评意识以及提高演讲能力。
[Abstract]:At present, more and more studies have paid attention to the speech of the head of the United States at the Chinese University. Most of the studies, from the perspective of interpersonal meaning, politeness principle, stylistic analysis and metaphor, discuss the speech of the head of the United States at Chinese universities, rarely from the perspective of critical discourse analysis. In fact, the discourse often contains ideology and the discourse. The relationship of power is not a transparent medium. In this respect, it is very meaningful to use the theory of critical discourse analysis to study the speech of the head of the United States in the University of China to reveal the ideological and power relations hidden in the discourse.
Based on this, this paper uses Phil Klau's discourse three-dimensional theory framework and Hallidy's functional grammar to make a critical discourse analysis of the speech of the United States head in the Chinese University. The purpose of this study is to find out the language features of the speech and how these carefully chosen language forms strengthen the speech force of the United States summit speech and make it more content. In addition, the influence of the social and historical background on the discourse output and the ideological and power relationship hidden in the discourse will also be analyzed one by one.
In this paper, qualitative research and quantitative research are combined to get the following research results.
1) a total of 11 samples were selected. In the description stage, the linguistic features of the speech were analyzed from the perspective of conceptual function, interpersonal function and textual function. In conceptual function, the head of America used different transitivity processes in speech and distinct characteristics of different process proportions. Relationship process, material process and heart. The use of the process is the three widely used process. The use of the relationship process can better reflect the relationship between things, make the logic clear. The use of material processes and psychological processes can make the content full and incendiary. In the speech, some words are repeatedly mentioned to reflect the content of the head of the United States. These are often the speech. The use of a large number of Nominalization and passivity maintains the objectivity of the discourse and makes it sound more euphemistic and peaceful. In terms of interpersonal function, the modal verbs of different values have different expressions. The head of the United States uses a large number of first person pronouns to make the speech sound more friendly and friendly. In addition, a large number of rhetorical hands are used in the speech. The method, which embodies the attainments of the leaders' speech, makes the speech vivid and vivid. In the aspect of discourse function, the use of marked theme makes the related information, such as time, place, character, environment, and so on, is emphasized and memorizing. The use of different connectives makes the context more continuous and the speech is meticulous.
2) at the stage of interpretation, American leaders use conceptual functions, mainly through the use of vocabulary, transitivity and transformation, to restore and describe specific events, thus building a vivid picture of the audience in the mind of the audience to understand the main contents of the speech. In addition, the head of America has a different body in the speech. They are United States officials, unique authority, and American citizens, uphold and publicize the core values of the United States, and play the students' mentors and teach students in a near sincere tone. The leaders use different personal pronouns in different roles, and each role turns. The change also has achieved the ideal effect, the successful realization of interpersonal function, making the speech more convincing and infectious, and the discourse and its hidden ideology and power relations are also successfully consumed and spread.
3) at the stage of interpretation, the head of the United States' speech at the Chinese University came into being in a special social and historical background. Under the new world political and economic situation, the rise of China made the United States not only surprised but also surprised. The rapid development of China has made it a new star in the world. The head of the United States is recognizing the development of China. It also hopes to establish a strategic partnership with China in different fields to promote the economic development of the United States. However, there is still power relations and ideology in the speech. In terms of power relations, the head of the United States is still high, its unique official identity and the strong conditions of the speaker make the Chinese University Students in the world. In the passive position, the speaker and the audience are in an unequal position and the audience is more easily controlled. In addition, the head of the United States still has a reservation and even a critical attitude towards China in terms of human rights, market opening and so on. In the reference to the Soviet Union, North Korea and the Middle East, a large number of prejudices reflect the length of these countries and regions. The prejudice of time.
From a theoretical point of view, the analysis of the speeches of the American heads of University from the perspective of critical discourse analysis is unique and meaningful. From a practical point of view, this paper helps to cultivate college students' awareness of criticism and improve their ability to speak.

【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H315

【参考文献】