小型垂直轴阻力型风力发电机功率计算方法分析

发布时间：2018-10-16 15:57

【摘要】：在人类生存和发展的过程中,能源毫无疑问是其重要的物质基础,因此能源成为当今世界政治、经济、军事、外交等所关注的焦点也是必然的。但是随着一次能源的不断消耗,其储量也越来越少,如今全世界各个国家都越来越重视对可再生能源的研究开发,以此来应对正在不断加重的能源危机问题。可再生能源就是指除了常规能源外在自然界中可以不断再生、持续利用、取之不尽、用之不竭的能源资源,它包括风能、太阳能、生物质能、地热能、海洋能等能源资源。其中风能的优势非常之大,比如巨大的储量、应用技术相对成熟、比较低廉的成本、简单的利用过程和污染问题很少等特点,这便使风能在众多可再生能源中脱颖而出。在风力机将风能转变为机械能的过程中,受风力作用而旋转的风轮是其最主要的部件,因此根据风轮的结构及其在气流中的位置我们通常把风力机分为两大类：水平轴风力机和垂直轴风力机。水平轴风力机是传统的风力机机型,技术相比于垂直轴风力机要成熟,生产批量大,已经成为当今风力机的主流机型。但由于其种种先天性的不足(如启动风速高、工作噪音大、抗风能力差等),使得其进一步的开发受到了抑制,而垂直轴风力机却具有启动风速低,气动噪音小,受风性能更好的特点,因此人们开始把注意力逐渐聚焦到垂直轴风力机身上,各国的风电研究者也正在努力研制更多新形式的垂直轴风力机。在对垂直轴风力发电机的研发改进过程中,我们一直以使其能更好的利用风能资源为目标,因此风力机输出功率的多少便成为我们比较关注的问题了。综上所述,本文应用了计算流体方面的相关知识,针对小型垂直轴风力发电机平均功率的计算方法进行了研究分析。首先,对有关垂直轴风力发电机的概念以及与其功率计算相关的基本理论进行了论述,在此基础上,利用计算流体理论并结合Matlab软件编程计算的方法,来对小型垂直轴阻力S型风力机的平均功率进行具体的计算,并得到了比较准确的结果。并在计算分析的过程中提出了计算垂直轴风力机功率的具体方法及其计算所要用到的相关计算公式,根据计算结果得出了风速分别与平均功率、风能利用系数之间的关系曲线。然后,应用计算流体力学软件／ANSYS Fluent对垂直轴回旋式阻力型风力发电机的功率进行了模拟计算。对风力机进行二维模型简化,并完成流场网格的划分,设定边界条件具体赋值,开始模拟计算。在计算过程中对残差和叶片受到的力矩系数进行监测,得到残差曲线和转矩监测曲线。得到具体扭矩数值M,根据功率计算公式就可得理论值平均功率P。最后,为验证上述应用Fluent软件对垂直轴风力机功率模拟计算的正确性,设计组装了一套功率检测系统来对已有风力机进行动率检测,通过实验来测量收集风力机的功率数值,并与计算机模拟计算的结果做对比,从而验证模拟计算风力机功率的方法的正确性。经过实验验证了以上方法是正确可行的。
[Abstract]:In the course of human existence and development, energy is undoubtedly an important material base, so energy becomes the focus of the world politics, economy, military, diplomacy and so on. But with the constant consumption of geothermal energy and fewer reserves, the world's countries are increasingly paying more and more attention to renewable energy research and development to address the ongoing energy crisis. Renewable energy refers to energy resources such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy, in addition to the conventional energy sources, which can be regenerated continuously, continuously utilized and inexhaustible. The advantage of wind energy is very large, such as huge reserves, relatively mature application technology, low cost, simple utilization process and little pollution problem, which makes wind energy stand out in many renewable energy sources. In the process of converting wind energy into mechanical energy by wind turbine, wind wheel rotating by wind force is the main component of wind turbine. Therefore, according to the structure of wind wheel and its position in airflow, the wind turbine is divided into two main categories: horizontal axis wind turbine and vertical axis wind turbine. The horizontal axis wind turbine is a traditional wind turbine model. Compared with the vertical axis wind turbine, the horizontal axis wind turbine is mature, the production batch is large, and it has become the mainstream model of the wind turbine of the present day. However, because of its congenital insufficiency (such as high wind speed, large work noise, poor wind resistance, etc.), the development of the vertical axis wind turbine is restrained, and the vertical axis wind turbine has the characteristics of low starting wind speed, small pneumatic noise and better wind performance. So people are beginning to focus their attention on vertical-axis wind turbines, and wind-wind researchers in countries are working to develop more new forms of vertical-axis wind turbines. In the development and improvement of vertical axis wind driven generator, we have always made it possible to make use of wind energy resources as the target, so the output power of wind turbine has become a concern of us. To sum up, this paper applies the related knowledge of computational fluid, and studies the calculation method of the average power of the small vertical axis wind power generator. Firstly, the concept of the vertical axis wind driven generator and the basic theory related to its power calculation are discussed. On the basis of this, the computational fluid theory is used and programmed with Matlab software. In this paper, the average power of the small vertical-axis resistance S-type wind turbine is calculated, and it is more accurate. As a result, a specific method for calculating the power of the vertical axis wind turbine and its calculation formula are presented in the course of the calculation and analysis. The relation between the wind speed and the average power and the wind energy utilization coefficient is obtained according to the calculation result. Then, the power of the vertical-axis rotary drag-type wind-driven generator is calculated by using CFD software/ ANSYS Fluent. The two-dimensional model of the wind turbine is simplified, the division of the flow field grid is completed, the boundary conditions are set, The moment coefficient of the residual and the blade is monitored during the calculation to obtain the residual curve and the rotation. Moment monitoring curve. The specific torque value M is obtained, and the theoretical value can be obtained according to the power calculation formula. Finally, in order to verify the correctness of the above-mentioned Fluent software for vertical axis wind turbine power simulation, a set of power detection system was designed and assembled for the existing wind. The power value of the wind turbine is measured by experiments, and compared with the result of computer simulation, the calculation and calculation of the wind turbine's work is verified. The correctness of the method is verified by the experiment.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315

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