中国包容性金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的影响机制研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 21:22

  本文关键词：中国包容性金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的影响机制研究　出处：《天津财经大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 包容性金融发展 城乡居民收入差距 全要素生产率 人力资本传导机制 劳动力转移传导机制

【摘要】：收入分配失衡一直备受学者的关注,它不仅会导致一国消费需求下降,并且会加大一国掉入中等收入陷阱的风险。十八届三中全会《关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》也明确指出,要增加低收入者收入,扩大中等收入者比重,努力缩小城乡收入分配差距,逐步形成橄榄型分配格局。然而,依照城乡居民收入比计算,我国目前的城乡收入差距依然在3倍以上。2005年以后,学界和政策界逐渐认识到,发展包容性金融对于提升农村居民收入水平、缩小城乡居民收入差距具有不可替代的作用。因此,论文以包容性金融发展为研究视角,旨在探讨包容性金融发展影响城乡居民收入差距的直接与间接机制,试图以理论与实证结果为基础,构建包容性金融缩小城乡居民收入差距的政策框架体系。基于以上研究目的,论文主要探讨以下四个问题:1、应该如何选择指标衡量我国包容性金融发展水平?2、包容性金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的直接影响机制是什么,影响程度有多大?3、包容性金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的间接影响机制是什么,影响程度有多大?4、如何推动包容性金融的发展,包容性金融发展缩小城乡居民收入差距的政策建议有哪些?第一个问题是全文研究的基础,在构建包容性金融指标体系基础上,第二和第三个问题将分别探讨包容性金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的影响机制,第四个问题则是全文研究的目的和落脚点。针对第一个问题,论文借鉴包容性金融发展测度相关研究,建立符合我国国情的包容性金融发展指标体系。该指标体系包括:金融渗透度、金融可获得性、金融可使用性、金融服务成本4个维度以及15个指标。在此基础上,效仿联合国发展项目(UNDP)构建人力发展指数(HDI)的方法,结合变异系数赋值法合成包容性金融发展指数。针对第二个问题,论文借鉴已有研究,假设全要素生产率为内生变量,建立包含包容性金融发展、人力资本、劳动力数量等重要变量的二元经济增长模型。理论分析表明,包容性金融通过改变企业全要素生产率,影响城乡居民收入差距;运用面板数据固定效应模型、随机效应模型以及系统GMM模型对理论分析进行经验检验。实证结果显示,包容性金融发展、农村居民人力资本以及劳动力转移对城乡居民收入差距影响显著为负。针对第三个问题,论文运用包含金融市场的世代交叠模型,探讨包容性金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的间接影响。理论分析表明,包容性金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的间接影响机制包括人力资本传导机制和劳动力转移传导机制;运用面板数据固定效应模型、随机效应模型对理论分析进行实证检验。实证结果显示,包容性金融发展对农村居民人力资本、劳动力向城镇转移影响显著为正。第四个问题是对上述三个问题的总结与升华。基于上述三个问题的分析,得出包容性金融发展对于提高企业全要素生产率、提升农村居民人力资本、促进农村劳动力转移具有积极作用,而这些用是通过金融可获得性、金融可使用性以及金融服务成本这三个维度实现的。因此,为促使包容性金融发展对城乡居民收入差距影响机制运行更加顺畅,需要全面扩大金融可获得性、提高金融可使用性、降低金融服务成本。为此,论文从金融制度改革层面、金融和非金融机构参与层面、金融产品的开发层面构建包容性金融缩小城乡居民收入差距的政策框架体系。具体政策包括完善信用担保体系、加快传统金融机构转型、促进新型金融业态发展、推广基础金融服务等。通过从宏观政策的实施到微观产品的设计,全面提升我国金融体系的包容性水平,以提高农村居民的自我发展能力,最终缩小城乡居民收入差距。但是,本文在理论与实证研究上均有不足。随着新型金融业态的涌现、金融体制改革的不断深入,在包容性金融发展影响居民收入分配问题上,还需进一步考虑互联网金融、.小额信贷等金融形态的作用,这将是未来研究的方向与重点。
[Abstract]:The imbalance in the distribution of income has attracted the attention of scholars, it will not only lead to a decline in consumer demand, and will increase the risk of falling into the middle-income trap in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. > < Decision on deepening reform of the overall number of major issues also explicitly pointed out that, to increase the income of low-income, expanding the proportion of middle-income people, efforts to narrow the urban and rural the income distribution gap, and gradually formed olive distribution pattern. However, in accordance with the urban-rural income ratio calculation, China's current urban-rural income gap is still more than 3 times in.2005 years, academic and policy circles gradually realize that the development of Inclusive Finance to enhance the income level of rural residents, narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents can not be alternative role. Therefore, the development of inclusive financial perspective, aims to explore the income gap between urban and rural residents directly influence and inclusive financial development The indirect mechanism to theoretical and empirical results, the construction of policy framework of inclusive financial to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. Based on the above research purpose, this paper mainly discusses the following four questions: 1, how to choose the measure of our inclusive financial development level? 2, what is the mechanism of inclusive financial development has a direct impact on the income gap between urban and rural residents, the extent of impact? 3, what is the indirect effect mechanism of inclusive financial development to the income gap between urban and rural residents, the extent of impact? 4, how to promote the development of Inclusive Finance, which is inclusive financial development to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents suggestions? The first problem is the foundation of the full text the study, in the construction of inclusive financial index system based on the second and third questions will respectively discuss inclusive financial development on the urban-rural income gap The influence mechanism, the fourth is the purpose of the study and the end result. To solve the first problem, the papers from the relevant research on inclusive financial development measure, establish our country's inclusive financial development index system. The index system includes: financial penetration, availability of financial and financial availability, 4 dimensions the cost of financial services and 15 indicators. On this basis, follow the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to construct the human development index (HDI) method, combined with the variation coefficient weight method for the synthesis of inclusive financial development index. For the second problem, based on the existing research, assuming that TFP is endogenous variable, includes the establishment of Inclusive Finance the development of human capital, two yuan of economic growth model of labor such as the number of important variables. Theoretical analysis shows that, by changing the inclusive financial industry total factor productivity, influence city Income gap between urban and rural residents; the use of panel data fixed effects model, random effects model and GMM model system were analyzed empirically. The empirical results show that the inclusive financial development, rural human capital and labor transfer effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents is significantly negative. For the third problem, this paper contains the financial market over generations to investigate the effect of indirect stack model, inclusive financial development to the income gap between urban and rural residents. Theoretical analysis shows that the development of inclusive financial indirect impact on the income gap between urban and rural residents of the system including the transmission mechanism of human capital transfer mechanism and labor force; using fixed effect panel data model, random effects model of theory analysis for empirical analysis. The empirical results show that inclusive financial development to the rural residents, human capital, labor transfer to cities and towns affected significantly For it. The fourth problem is to the above three questions of the summary and sublimation. Based on the analysis of the three problems, the inclusive financial development for enterprise to improve total factor productivity, improve rural human capital, promote the transfer of rural labor has a positive effect, which is used by the financial access, finance can be realized these three dimensions are used and the cost of financial services. Therefore, in order to promote inclusive financial development to the income gap between urban and rural residents influence mechanism run more smoothly, need to expand financial access, improve financial availability, reduce the cost of financial services. Therefore, the reform of the financial system, financial and non financial institutions participate in the product development level, financial level to construct the framework of inclusive financial policies to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. Specific policies including improving credit guarantee. System, accelerate the transformation of traditional financial institutions, to promote the development of new financial formats, promotion of basic financial services. Through the design from the implementation of macroeconomic policies to micro products, improve China's financial system inclusive level, to improve the ability of self-development of rural residents, eventually narrowing the urban-rural income gap. However, in this paper, both in theory with the empirical research. With the emergence of new financial formats, the deepening of financial system reform, in the development of inclusive financial income distribution of residents, still need further consideration. Internet banking, microfinance and other financial forms, which will be the future research direction and focus.

【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124.7
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本文编号：1356564