马来西亚陷入“中等收入陷阱”的原因分析和政策应对

发布时间：2018-03-24 07:40

本文选题：中等收入　切入点：陷阱　出处：《厦门大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“中等收入陷阱”是发展中国家经济社会发展所面临的共同难题,马来西亚也面临相同的压力和困境。自1996年迈入偏上中等收入国家行列以来,马来西亚人均GNI始终难以突破全球高收入水平分界线,被困于“中等收入陷阱”难以自拔。在马来西亚现行经济社会发展中,收入分配结构失衡,人力资源发展迟缓,自主创新能力薄弱,民主进程缓慢,权力寻租和金钱政治等问题对马来西亚经济社会结构转型构成极大的阻碍,不消除这些阻碍因素,马来西亚就难以突破“中等收入陷阱”,进入高收入国家行列。为了摆脱“中等收入陷阱”的困扰,实现2020年把马来西亚建成高收入国家的国家宏愿,新世纪以来,马来西亚政府采取一系列政策措施,积极应对“中等收入陷阱”的挑战。马来西亚政府相继推出经济、政治和社会转型计划,适时调整国家科技政策,推进人才激励机制建立,深化金融领域改革,整顿金融秩序,逐步放宽对外国资本的重重限制。马来西亚政府期冀通过以上改革措施,扫除其经济社会结构转型中的阻碍因素,重燃马来西亚经济活力,突破经济发展瓶颈,并且最终摆脱困扰马来西亚近20年的“中等收入陷阱” 2010年,我国人均GNI达4240美元。按照世界银行公布的最新标准,我国已经正式步入偏上中等收入国家行列,开始面临“中等收入陷阱”的挑战。马来西亚与中国地域相邻,同处于经济社会结构调整的关键阶段,因此,研究马来西亚应对“中等收入陷阱”的转型实践,认真吸取其经济社会结构转型的经验和教训,对于加快我国经济发展方式转变,成功规避“中等收入陷阱”具有极其重要的参考作用和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The "middle-income trap" is a common challenge for the economic and social development of developing countries, and Malaysia faces the same pressures and difficulties. Malaysia's per capita GNI has always been difficult to break through the global high-income level dividing line and trapped in the "middle-income trap". In the current economic and social development of Malaysia, the income distribution structure is unbalanced and human resources development is slow. The weak capacity for indigenous innovation, the slowness of the democratic process, the problems of rent-seeking and monetary politics, which constitute a major obstacle to the structural transformation of Malaysia's economy and society, do not eliminate these obstacles, Malaysia will struggle to break through the middle-income trap and enter the ranks of high-income countries. In order to get rid of the "middle-income trap" and realize the national ambition of turning Malaysia into a high-income country by 2020, the Malaysian government has adopted a series of policy measures since the new century. The Malaysian government has successively launched plans for economic, political and social transformation, readjusted the state's science and technology policies, promoted the establishment of a talent incentive mechanism, deepened financial sector reform, and rectified the financial order. The Malaysian government hopes that through the above reform measures, it will remove the obstacles in the transformation of its economic and social structure, rekindle Malaysia's economic vitality and break through the bottleneck of economic development. And finally get rid of the "middle-income trap" that has plagued Malaysia for nearly 20 years. In 2010, China's GNI per capita reached US $4240. According to the latest standards published by the World Bank, China has officially stepped into the ranks of middle-income countries and is beginning to face the challenge of a "middle-income trap." Malaysia is adjacent to China. We are also at the critical stage of economic and social restructuring. Therefore, to study Malaysia's transition practice in response to the "middle-income trap" and to conscientiously absorb the experience and lessons of its economic and social structural transformation will speed up the transformation of the mode of economic development in our country. To avoid the middle-income trap successfully has the extremely important reference function and the reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F133.8

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