区域经济发展中的对口援助模式与运行研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 15:25

本文选题：区域经济 + 对口援助　；参考：《西南财经大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：对口援助工作,从建国伊始到如今经历了几十年的发展历程,已经形成了相当庞大的的规模、基本完整的格局和多种多样的实施方式。对口援助对灾区人民生产生活重建、对落后地区发展经济、对整个国家安定团结的政治局面都起到了重要作用。没有对口援助,就难以实现各民族共同繁荣富裕,直致和谐社会的形成。正是由于对口援助,才有了财政、产业、教育、医疗、科技、人才等政策对落后地区的倾斜和扶持,才充分体现社会主义不可替代的优越性,才能阐释中国共产党的强大执政能力且经久不衰的原因,才能表达中华民族互助友爱团结一心的优良品质。但是作为一项重要的国家中观政策而言,对口援助仍然有很多需要进一步加强和改进的方案,同时也更需要探索出一条通过援助加快受援地区经济、社会全面发展的有效途径。同时,随着市场经济的逐渐深入,对口援助已经不能只依靠通过中央政府颁布政策的方式被动的接受援助,要建立起援助双方不依赖于政治动员也能够长期存在的合作关系。对口援助的研究已经不乏先例,但是对于对口援助研究的理论框架尚未建立。对口援助政策是中国区域发展政策的的重要组成部分,对口援助作为发展区域经济、缩减区域差距、协调区域关系和促进社会进步起着重要推动作用,对口援助也是邓小平同志提出的“先富带动后富”理论的不可或缺的重要组成部分。本研究对建立政策研究框架、解释区域政策内涵以及正确理解党和国家的经济发展理论的前瞻性和阐释社会主义制度的优越性有一定的理论意义。明确对口援助政策效果即援助带给双方区域经济的贡献,有助于援助双方形成可持续发展的长效体系,若使对口援助持续发挥作用,必须推进对口援助制度化、法律化进程。同时援助也为将来援助结束后落后区域依然能够长期、稳定的发展打下坚实的基础。本研究对建立长效合作体系、推进制度化、法律化进程以及构建自我发展能力有一定的现实意义。本文共分为八个章节。第一章是导论部分,论述了本文的研究背景、研究目的、研究意义、研究内容和研究范围,确定了行文的研究方法、研究思路和技术路线,并对可能的创新之处和存在的局限进行了简单介绍。第二章是基于研究内容的文献综述。主要内容包括对国外与援助相关文献的简要概述、对国内与对口援助相关文献的较为细致的梳理以及对国内外文献的简要评论。通过文献综述,发现已有研究存在的主要不足之处在于：其一,对口援助的定义比较陈旧,缺乏与时俱进的考量,为后续研究造成了障碍；其二,对口援助的现实依据和基础没有认识到最本质的内容,缺乏对生产资料所有制这一因素的深度挖掘；其三,对口援助的阶段划分缺乏标志性的事件,难免有阶段性不清晰、重点不突出之嫌；其四,对口援助的分类标准不清晰、不统一,导致类型概括的不尽全面的问题；其五,对口援助运行机制不完善,没有很好的说明援助在启动、实施、协调各方关系以及援助后期跟踪等各个阶段不同的机制；其六,对口援助的绩效考核大多使用定性分析而未能运用定量分析,得出的结论未免偏颇和缺乏说服力；其七,对口援助的新变化没有在其面临的经济、社会发展的新形势和新要求的宏观背景下考察,缺乏全局性；其八,对口援助的存在问题探讨太着眼于细节,缺乏宏观把握。因此,本文将尝试对以上研究的不足之处做进一步的探讨。第三章是理论分析框架,主要内容包括对对口援助相关理论的简要介绍和对口援助模式和运行的论述。对口援助相关理论包含马克思劳动地域分工和协作理论、区域优势理论、区域要素流动理论、区域经济合作理论、区域均衡与非均衡发展理论。本文分别从上述五个方面来追溯对口援助研究的理论渊源。对口援助模式研究包括对口援助的概念界定、以及动力机制、推进机制、协调机制、保障机制是如何在援助中发挥作用的论述。对口援助运行研究包括对口援助的特点、基础和目标的论述。相关理论、模式和运行构成了研究的理论分析框架。第四章是对口援助的历程和演进,本章对建国以来对口援助的历程、对口援助的类型和对口援助演进的规律做出归纳和总结。在对口援助历程的回顾的基础上,还将其划分为为初始、探索和深化三个阶段,并总结了阶段性特征。按照援助援助方类别、规律性、有偿性、领域性等不同的划分方法将对口援助分门别类的阐述其不同的任务和特征。通过对历程和类型的分析,得出对口援助的演进的规律,即合作性增强、激励性增大、领域更广以及范围更准。对口援助的历程和演进的研究为后续章节的研究提供了基础。第五章是对口援助的绩效评价。通过对新疆、西藏两个受援方以及援助方总体的绩效评价,得出一系列结论。对于新疆来讲,财政援助作用巨大、产业援助成效显著、民生援助效果渐缓、智力援助具备潜力；对于西藏的来讲,财政援助不可或缺、产业援助效果甚微、民生援助作用较大、智力援助潜力充沛。援助方有收益也有损失,其中收益主要包含政治收益、经济收益和社会收益。损失主要在于经济损失、合作中的摩擦以及协调成本等。最后得出的结论如下：一是对口援助政策的实施仍然十分必要；二是受援方在长期持续发展中需要建立自我发展能力,三是援助方需要强有力的激励机制才使援助得以持续开展。第六章是国外经验的借鉴。本章对国外对本国落后地区的援助措施的阐述,以及对中国可以借鉴的经验进行总结。可以借鉴援助经验的国家很多,有美国、俄罗斯、英国、法国、日本、德国和巴西等,这些国家在发展区域经济,促进地区间均衡发展以及政府的援助政策等方面都有可以参考的内容。第七章是对口援助在新时期的转型。在新的历史阶段,国内国外的经济形势都发生了很大的变化,国内的的经济体制增长由计划经济转向为市场经济；经济开放度由封闭经济转向为开放经济；经济实力迈上了很大台阶；发展理念由只追求数量的增长转向为可持续发展、绿色经济、循环经济以及低碳经济的发展理念。基于宏观经济形势发生的变化,对口援助也有新的要求,援助不再仅仅追求经济发展指标的提升,而是更注重政治稳定和民族团结等社会文明程度的增加；不再单纯考虑短期利益,更多考虑长期可持续发展和环境保护得到的利益；不仅可以动员国内的援助力量,也可以吸引国外资金支持援助。在面临这些新要求的基础上,对口援助也发生了积极的转型,援助的目标由单一的经济目标向改善民生、增强发展潜力、增加社会文明程度等转变；援助的主体由中央政府向以中央政府为主、以地方政府、企业集团和非政府组织为辅的格局转变；援助的内容由最初的财政援助、人才援助、教育援助逐渐发展壮大,形成了包含基础设施建设、医疗卫生服务、技术人才援助、干部援助、教育援助、开展企业经济技术合作、建设工业园区等涉及民生、智力、产业等多领域的援助体系；援助的过程由短期帮扶向长期合作转型。第八章是对口援助存在的问题与政策建议。对口援助存在的主要问题是,缺乏科学规划、协调机构、制度体系、保障机制以及长效合作等,在分别对这些问题阐述的基础上,提出了解决这些问题的政策建议。最后,对未来的研究做出展望,希望能在受援方区域瞄准、援助方收益评价、援助方式再创新等方面进行深入的研究。本文研究的重点章节是第三章、第五章和第七章。本文形成的主要观点是,第一,对口援助的阶段性划分属于“深化”阶段,“深化”阶段与“探索”阶段相比,援助向纵深方向发展,实施更有针对性的援助；第二,对口援助发展的方向是区域合作,因此,产业援助是区域间实现长期合作的较好方式；第三,在新的历史阶段,对口援助的目标、主体、内容和过程向多元化和长期化转型；第四,对口援助要向制度化、法律化的方向迈进。
[Abstract]:From the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the past few decades, the counterpart aid work has formed a considerable scale, a basic complete pattern and a variety of ways of implementation. The counterpart assistance has brought about the reconstruction of the people in the disaster area, the development of the economy in the backward areas, the political situation of the stability and unity of the whole country. Without the aid of the counterpart, it is difficult to realize the common prosperity and prosperity of all ethnic groups and the formation of a harmonious society. It is because of the aid of the mouth that the policies of finance, industry, education, medical care, science and technology, and the support of the talents can fully reflect the irreplaceable superiority of socialism and can explain China's communism. In order to express the good quality of mutual help, fraternity and solidarity of the Chinese nation, the reason why the party's strong governing capability and its enduring reasons can not last long.
However, as an important national medium view policy, there are still a lot of plans to further strengthen and improve the counterpart aid. At the same time, it also needs to explore an effective way to accelerate the economic and social development of the recipient region through assistance. Through the central government's policy of passive acceptance of aid, we must establish a cooperative relationship between the two sides which can not rely on political mobilization for a long time.
The research on counterpart aid has been precedent, but the theoretical framework for the research on counterpart aid has not yet been established. The counterpart aid policy is an important part of China's regional development policy. The counterpart aid plays an important role in developing regional economy, reducing regional gap, coordinating regional relations and promoting social progress. It is also an indispensable part of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's theory of "enriching the rich after the prosperity of the rich". This study has a certain theoretical significance for the establishment of the policy research framework, the interpretation of the connotation of regional policy and the correct understanding of the foresight of the economic development theory of the party and the state and the explanation of the superiority of the socialist system.
The effect of the policy of counterpart aid, that is, the contribution of aid to the regional economy of both sides, helps to help both sides to form a long-term system of sustainable development. If the Counterpart Assistance continues to play a role, the institutionalization of Counterpart Assistance must be promoted and the process of legalization is necessary. Meanwhile, assistance will still be long-term and stable for the backward areas after the end of assistance. Development lays a solid foundation. This study is of practical significance to the establishment of a long-term cooperative system, the promotion of institutionalization, the process of legalization, and the construction of self-development ability.
This article is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which discusses the background, purpose, significance, content and scope of the study. It defines the methods of research, research ideas and technical routes, and gives a brief introduction to possible innovations and limitations.
The second chapter is a literature review based on the research content. The main contents include a brief overview of foreign and aid related literature, a detailed review of domestic and Counterpart Assistance related literature and a brief review of domestic and foreign literature. Through literature review, the main shortcomings of existing research are found in the following: first, counteraid The definition of help is obsolete, lack of consideration of keeping up with the times, causing obstacles to follow-up research; secondly, the actual basis and foundation of the counterpart aid do not recognize the most essential content, and lack of deep excavation of the factor of the ownership of the production data; thirdly, the stage division of counterpart aid is short of the landmark events, and it is unavoidable to have a stage. It is not clear and important, and fourth, the classification standard of counterpart aid is not clear and ununified, which leads to the inexhaustive problems of type generalizations; and fifth, the operation mechanism of counterpart aid is not perfect, and it is not good to explain the different mechanisms of aid in various stages, such as starting, implementing, coordinating the relations between the parties and following the post tracking. Six, the performance assessment of Counterpart Assistance mostly uses qualitative analysis and fails to use quantitative analysis, and the conclusions are biased and lack of persuasion; seventh, the new changes in counterpart aid are not in the economy, the new situation of social development and the macro background of new requirements, the lack of global nature; the eight, the existence of counterpart aid. The problem is too focused on details and lacks macro grasp. Therefore, this article will try to further discuss the deficiencies of the above research.
The third chapter is the framework of theoretical analysis. The main contents include a brief introduction to the theory of counterpart aid and the discussion of the mode and operation of counterpart aid. The related theories of counterpart aid include Marx's labor division and cooperation theory, the theory of regional advantage, the theory of regional factor flow, the theory of regional economic cooperation, regional equilibrium and disequilibrium. This paper traces the theoretical origin of the research on counterpart aid from the above five aspects. The research on the mode of counterpart aid includes the definition of the concept of counterpart aid, and the mechanism, the mechanism of propulsion, the coordination mechanism and the mechanism of the support. The research on the operation of Counterpart Assistance includes the characteristics of counterpart aid. The theoretical and analytical framework of research is composed of theories, models and operations.
The fourth chapter is the course and evolution of counterpart aid. This chapter summarizes and summarizes the course of counteraid since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the types of counterpart aid and the law of the evolution of counterpart aid. On the basis of the review of the course of aid to the mouth, it is divided into three stages for the beginning, the exploration and deepening of the aid, and the summary of the stage characteristics. The different classifying methods, such as the category, regularity, compensation and domain, will explain the different tasks and characteristics of the counterpart assistance. Through the analysis of the course and the types, the law of the evolution of the counterpart aid is drawn, that is, the enhancement of cooperation, the increasing incentive, the wider field and the more accurate scope. The course and the performance of the counterpart aid. The study provides a basis for further research.
The fifth chapter is the performance evaluation of counterpart assistance. Through a series of conclusions on the overall performance evaluation of the two recipients and the aid parties in Xinjiang, Tibet, Xinjiang, the financial aid effect is great, the effect of industrial aid is remarkable, the effect of the livelihood assistance is gradually slow, the intellectual aid has the potential; for Tibet, financial aid can not be used. The benefit of the people's livelihood is very small, the assistance of the people's livelihood is great and the potential of intellectual aid is abundant. The benefit is also lost. The benefit mainly includes the political income, the economic benefit and the social income. The loss mainly lies in the economic loss, the friction in the cooperation and the co-ordination. The conclusions are as follows: first, counterpart aid. The implementation of the policy is still necessary; two is the need for the recipient to build self-development capacity in the long-term sustainable development, and the three is that the aid needs a strong incentive mechanism to enable the assistance to be sustained.
The sixth chapter is a reference for foreign experience. This chapter describes the aid measures for the backward areas in the country and summarizes the experience that China can draw on. Many countries can learn from the experience of aid, including the United States, Russia, Britain, France, Japan, Germany and Brazil. These countries are developing regional economies and promoting inter regional equilibrium. There are references to development and government assistance policies.
The seventh chapter is the transformation of counterpart aid in the new period. In the new historical stage, the economic situation both at home and abroad has changed greatly. The economic system growth in China has shifted from the planned economy to the market economy; the economic openness has turned from the closed economy to the open economy; the economic strength has taken a great step on the economic strength; the concept of development is from the point of view. Only pursuing the growth of the quantity to the sustainable development, the green economy, the circular economy and the low carbon economy development concept. Based on the changes in the macro-economic situation, there are new requirements for the aid of the mouth, and the aid is no longer only pursuing the promotion of the economic development index, but more on the social civilization degree of political stability and national unity. No longer simply considering short-term interests and more consideration of the benefits of long-term sustainable development and environmental protection; it can not only mobilize domestic aid forces but also attract foreign funds to support assistance. On the basis of these new requirements, counterpart assistance has also undergone a positive transformation, and the target of aid is from a single economic target. To improve the people's livelihood, enhance the development potential and increase the level of social civilization, the main body of the aid is transformed by the central government to the central government, the local government, the enterprise group and the non-governmental organizations. The content of the aid has been gradually developed from the initial financial aid, talent aid and educational aid. Infrastructure construction, medical and health services, technical personnel assistance, cadre assistance, education assistance, enterprise economic and technical cooperation, construction of industrial parks and other fields of assistance involving the people's livelihood, intelligence, industry and other fields; the process of assistance is transferred from short-term assistance to long-term cooperation.
The eighth chapter is the problems and policy suggestions on the existence of counterpart aid. The main problems of the existence of counterpart aid are the lack of scientific planning, coordination institutions, system system, guarantee mechanism and long-term cooperation. On the basis of these problems, we put forward the policy suggestions to solve these problems. Finally, we hope to make a prospect for future research. We hope to conduct in-depth research in the recipient area, the evaluation of the benefit of the beneficiaries, and the re innovation of the aid methods.
The main points of this study are third chapters, fifth chapters and seventh chapters. The main points of this paper are: first, the stage division of counterpart aid belongs to the "deepening" stage, and the "deepening" stage is compared with the "exploration" stage, and assistance is developed in the direction of deeper and more targeted assistance; second, the direction of the development of counterpart aid is the direction of development. Regional cooperation, therefore, industrial aid is a better way to achieve long-term cooperation between regions; third, in the new historical stage, the target, subject, content and process of counterpart assistance are transformed into a diversified and long-term transformation; and fourth, the counterpart assistance must be institutionalized and legal.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F127;D67

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