政府卫生支出对城乡收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 21:23

【摘要】：缩小城乡差距,尤其是城乡居民的收入差距是近年的热点话题。自改革开放以来,中国经济持续快速发展,城、乡居民生活水平明显提高,然而城乡居民间收入差距却在悄然扩大。城乡收入差距的持续扩大不仅与我国“共同富裕”的发展目标背道而驰,而且可能影响社会的和谐与稳定,研究城乡收入差距的成因并提出相关政策建议就显得尤为重要。已有文献从诸多角度解剖了导致城乡收入差距的众多因素,本文也试图为城乡收入差距的成因分析提供新的视角。为此,本文从政府卫生支出的角度出发,理论和实证分析了政府卫生支出对城乡收入差距的影响机制及数量关系,旨在为制定缩小城乡收入差距政策提供新的视角。首先,文章分别从城乡收入差距成因、健康人力资本与经济增长、公共财政支出与城乡收入差距三个方面对相关文献进行了梳理,为提出本文的贡献及后续分析提供理论与技术支持。其次,文章阐明了与本文密切相关的基础理论、政府卫生支出影响城乡收入差距的作用机制,并利用Lucas内生增长模型对本文的理论模型进行了推导。再次,文章在理论分析及指标对比选取的基础上建立了静态面板数据模型(基准模型)及动态面板数据模型。在扩展的Lucas内生增长模型中,综合运用固定效应(FE)、广义差分矩估计(DIF-GMM),广义系统矩估计(SYS-GMM)方法对模型进行了回归分析,并进行了相应的稳健性检验。研究结果显示:政府卫生支出在全国层面上显著地导致了城乡收入差距的扩大,原因是政府卫生支出城市偏向的存在;引入交互项考察地区效应发现,以上结论依然稳健,且由于西部地区的政府卫生支出城市偏向强于东部导致西部地区政府卫生支出对城乡收入差距的扩大效应强于东部。此外,新农合对缩小城乡差距的效果并不显著。最后,文章在理论分析与实证结果的基础上,从政府卫生支出的角度提出了缩小城乡收入差距的政策建议:第一,适当将政府卫生支出向农村地区倾斜,尤其是政府卫生支出城市偏向较为严重的西部,逐步缩小城、乡健康人力资本水平差距,进而缩小城乡收入差距。第二,加大政府卫生支出预算,即增加政府卫生支出的供给,这有助于农村地区政府卫生支出水平的快速上升。第三,提高新农合人均筹资水平,加快完善新农合步伐。
[Abstract]:Narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, especially the income gap between urban and rural residents is a hot topic in recent years. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has been developing rapidly, the living standard of urban and rural residents has been improved obviously, but the income gap between urban and rural residents has been expanding quietly. The continuous expansion of urban-rural income gap not only runs counter to the development goal of "common prosperity" in China, but also may affect the harmony and stability of society. It is particularly important to study the causes of urban-rural income gap and put forward relevant policy suggestions. Many factors leading to the income gap between urban and rural areas have been dissected from many angles. This paper also tries to provide a new perspective for the analysis of the causes of urban-rural income gap. Therefore, from the angle of government health expenditure, this paper analyzes the influence mechanism and quantitative relationship of government health expenditure on the income gap between urban and rural areas theoretically and empirically, in order to provide a new perspective for the formulation of policies to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. First of all, the article combs the related literature from the causes of urban-rural income gap, healthy human capital and economic growth, public financial expenditure and urban-rural income gap. To provide theoretical and technical support for the contribution of this paper and subsequent analysis. Secondly, the paper clarifies the basic theory closely related to this article, the mechanism of government health expenditure influencing the income gap between urban and rural areas, and deduces the theoretical model by using Lucas endogenous growth model. Thirdly, the static panel data model and the dynamic panel data model are established on the basis of theoretical analysis and index selection. In the extended Lucas endogenous growth model, the fixed effect (FE), generalized differential moment estimation (DIF-GMM) and the singular system moment estimation (SYS-GMM) are used to analyze the model. The results show that: government health expenditure in the national level significantly led to the widening of income gap between urban and rural areas, the reason is the existence of urban bias of government health expenditure. Because the government health expenditure in the western region is stronger than that in the east, the effect of the government health expenditure on the urban-rural income gap in the western region is stronger than that in the eastern region. In addition, the effect of NCMS on narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas is not significant. Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical results, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas from the perspective of government health expenditure. First, the government health expenditure should be inclined to rural areas. In particular, the government health expenditure cities tend to be more serious in the west, gradually narrowing the gap between urban and rural health human capital level, and then narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas. Second, increasing the budget of government health expenditure, that is, increasing the supply of government health expenditure, will help the level of government health expenditure in rural areas to rise rapidly. Third, raise the level of per capita financing of NCMS and speed up the pace of improving NCMS.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F812.45;F124.7

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