火灾烟气毒性分析测试平台的组建及其用于聚丙烯复合材料燃烧烟气的研究
发布时间：2019-06-04 03:23
【摘要】：聚合物及其复合材料由于其优异的性能和低廉的价格在众多领域中得到了广泛的运用。高分子材料属于易燃材料,具有很高的火灾危险性,其在燃烧时不仅会释放大量的热量,还会产生大量的毒性烟气。大量火灾死亡报告表明,火灾中的有毒烟气是致使人员丧生的最主要因素,尤其是其中的一氧化碳(CO)。因此,对聚合物材料燃烧烟气的研究不仅是对材料阻燃技术的补充,更是衡量材料火灾危险性的重中之重。本文运用自主搭建的火灾烟气毒性分析测试平台(FTTP),系统的研究了典型聚合物在不同火灾场景模拟下的烟气释放,并探讨了火灾场景和材料结构成分对燃烧烟气产生的影响。选取了常用的阻燃剂和纳米增强剂,制备了聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,着重研究了添加剂对PP在不同火灾场景下燃烧烟气释放的影响和作用,为PP的抑烟减毒研究工作提供了更全面的数据支持和初步机理解析,取得的研究进展如下： 第一,自主研发搭建了火灾烟气毒性分析测试平台,并通过对各组成部分系统的标定和校准,确保了FTTP的稳定运行。选取低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、尼龙66(PA66)五种商用塑料进行Well-Ventilated和Post-Flashover两种火灾模拟场景下的重复实验,以验证FTTP的可重复性和准确性。最后,利用所得数据分析对比该五种不同材料的燃烧烟气毒性及在不同火灾场景下的表现,为进一步研究材料成分和火灾场景对火灾烟气的影响做基础,同时可为火灾安全工作者和材料设计研究人员提供更为精确可靠的材料燃烧烟气数据。 第二,通过先制备母粒再熔融共混的方法制备了碳纳米管与PP及膨胀阻燃体系(IFR) PP的纳米复合材料。实验表明碳纳米管在PP中分散良好,且起到了提高热稳定性的作用。利用FTTP研究了该PP/CNTs/IFR纳米复合材料在三种火灾场景下的产烟情况,结果表明膨胀阻燃体系的添加会提高材料燃烧的烟密度以及CO产率。而CNTs的引入,其明显的作用表现在可以有效地降低该复合材料在低通风火灾场景下的碳氢化合物的产生。可能的机理是,碳纳米的管状结构有效地吸附了碳氢化合物,并进行了催化降解。 第三,用水热合成法制备二氧化钛纳米管(TNT),所得TNT晶体结晶良好。选取纳米级四氧化三钴(Co304),三氧化二铁(Fe2O3),二氧化钛(Ti02),制备PP/Metal Oxides (MOs)纳米复合材料。PP/MOs的热性能测试表明MOs可以促进PP基体在燃烧过程中的成炭,并且可以有效的降低PP复合材料的热释放速率。同时,PP/MOs复合材料在氮气条件下热分解生成的可燃性有机气体产物和CO较纯PP有了明显的降低,TNT的表现优于其他三种MOs。利用FTTP研究该纳米复合材料在通风不良条件下的燃烧烟气情况,MOs在PP燃烧过程中发挥出了较为明显的催化氧化作用,有效的降低了烟密度和可燃性碳氢化合物气体。其中除C0304提高了CO释放外,另三种MOs都对CO有一定的程度的催化氧化。TNT在低添加量条件下对PP复合材料的抑烟减毒效果最佳。
[Abstract]:The polymer and its composite material have been widely used in many fields due to its excellent performance and low price. The high-molecular material belongs to the flammable material, has high fire risk, and can not only release a large amount of heat during combustion, but also generate a large amount of toxic smoke. A large number of fire deaths have shown that toxic fumes in the fire are the most important factors in the lives of people, in particular carbon monoxide (CO). Therefore, the research on the combustion flue gas of the polymer material is not only a supplement to the flame-retardant technology of the material, but also the most important measure of the fire risk of the material. In this paper, a self-built fire smoke toxicity analysis and analysis platform (FTTP) is used to study the smoke release of a typical polymer under different fire scenarios, and the effects of fire scene and material composition on the combustion flue gas are discussed. The common flame retardant and the nano-reinforcing agent are selected, and the polypropylene (PP) composite material is prepared, and the effect and the effect of the additive on the combustion flue gas release under different fire scenes are emphatically studied, The research on anti-smoke and attenuation of PP provides more comprehensive data support and preliminary mechanism analysis, and the research progress is as follows: The first, the independent R & D set up a fire smoke toxicity test platform, and through the calibration and calibration of each component system Quasi-, ensure the stability of FTTP The repeatability and accuracy of FTTP were verified by selecting low density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nylon 66 (PA66). and finally, using the obtained data analysis to compare the combustion smoke toxicity of the five different materials and the performance of the five different materials under different fire scenes to further study the influence of the material composition and the fire scene on the fire smoke In addition, it can provide more accurate and reliable materials for fire safety workers and material design researchers to the number of more accurate and reliable materials according to the method, the nano-complex of the carbon nano-tube and the PP and the expansion flame-retardant system (IFR) PP is prepared by first preparing the master batch re-melting and blending method, The experimental results show that the carbon nanotubes are well dispersed in PP and have improved thermal stability. The effect of the PP/ CNTs/ IFR nanocomposite in three fire scenarios is studied by FTTP. The results show that the addition of the expanded flame-retardant system can improve the smoke density of the material and C O yield. The introduction of CNTs shows that it can effectively reduce the hydrocarbon in the low-ventilation fire scene of the composite material. The possible mechanism is that the carbon nano-shaped tubular structure effectively adsorbs hydrocarbons and chemical degradation; thirdly, a titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) is prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method, and the obtained TNT crystal Good body crystallization. Nano-scale cobaltosic oxide (Co304), ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and titanium dioxide (Ti02) were selected to prepare PP/ Metal Oxides (MOs). The thermal performance test of PP/ MOs shows that the MOs can promote the carbon-forming of the PP matrix in the combustion process, and can effectively reduce the PP composite material. At the same time, the results of thermal decomposition of PP/ MOs composite under the condition of nitrogen were significantly lower than that of pure PP, and the performance of TNT was superior to that of other PP/ MOs composites. Using FTTP to study the combustion flue gas condition of the nanocomposite under the condition of poor ventilation, the MOs exhibited a significant catalytic oxidation in the process of PP combustion, which effectively reduced the smoke density and the ignitable hydrocarbon. In addition to that increase of CO release in C0304, the other three MOs have a certain degree to the CO. The catalytic oxidation of the PP composite under the condition of low addition amount
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O659;TQ325.14;TB33
本文编号：2492437
[Abstract]:The polymer and its composite material have been widely used in many fields due to its excellent performance and low price. The high-molecular material belongs to the flammable material, has high fire risk, and can not only release a large amount of heat during combustion, but also generate a large amount of toxic smoke. A large number of fire deaths have shown that toxic fumes in the fire are the most important factors in the lives of people, in particular carbon monoxide (CO). Therefore, the research on the combustion flue gas of the polymer material is not only a supplement to the flame-retardant technology of the material, but also the most important measure of the fire risk of the material. In this paper, a self-built fire smoke toxicity analysis and analysis platform (FTTP) is used to study the smoke release of a typical polymer under different fire scenarios, and the effects of fire scene and material composition on the combustion flue gas are discussed. The common flame retardant and the nano-reinforcing agent are selected, and the polypropylene (PP) composite material is prepared, and the effect and the effect of the additive on the combustion flue gas release under different fire scenes are emphatically studied, The research on anti-smoke and attenuation of PP provides more comprehensive data support and preliminary mechanism analysis, and the research progress is as follows: The first, the independent R & D set up a fire smoke toxicity test platform, and through the calibration and calibration of each component system Quasi-, ensure the stability of FTTP The repeatability and accuracy of FTTP were verified by selecting low density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nylon 66 (PA66). and finally, using the obtained data analysis to compare the combustion smoke toxicity of the five different materials and the performance of the five different materials under different fire scenes to further study the influence of the material composition and the fire scene on the fire smoke In addition, it can provide more accurate and reliable materials for fire safety workers and material design researchers to the number of more accurate and reliable materials according to the method, the nano-complex of the carbon nano-tube and the PP and the expansion flame-retardant system (IFR) PP is prepared by first preparing the master batch re-melting and blending method, The experimental results show that the carbon nanotubes are well dispersed in PP and have improved thermal stability. The effect of the PP/ CNTs/ IFR nanocomposite in three fire scenarios is studied by FTTP. The results show that the addition of the expanded flame-retardant system can improve the smoke density of the material and C O yield. The introduction of CNTs shows that it can effectively reduce the hydrocarbon in the low-ventilation fire scene of the composite material. The possible mechanism is that the carbon nano-shaped tubular structure effectively adsorbs hydrocarbons and chemical degradation; thirdly, a titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) is prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method, and the obtained TNT crystal Good body crystallization. Nano-scale cobaltosic oxide (Co304), ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and titanium dioxide (Ti02) were selected to prepare PP/ Metal Oxides (MOs). The thermal performance test of PP/ MOs shows that the MOs can promote the carbon-forming of the PP matrix in the combustion process, and can effectively reduce the PP composite material. At the same time, the results of thermal decomposition of PP/ MOs composite under the condition of nitrogen were significantly lower than that of pure PP, and the performance of TNT was superior to that of other PP/ MOs composites. Using FTTP to study the combustion flue gas condition of the nanocomposite under the condition of poor ventilation, the MOs exhibited a significant catalytic oxidation in the process of PP combustion, which effectively reduced the smoke density and the ignitable hydrocarbon. In addition to that increase of CO release in C0304, the other three MOs have a certain degree to the CO. The catalytic oxidation of the PP composite under the condition of low addition amount
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O659;TQ325.14;TB33
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