船舶舱室声学优化设计理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 16:43

本文选题：统计能量法　切入点：布局优化　出处：《上海交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2013年1月1日船舶效能设计指数(EEDI)正式生效,船舶设计开始面临“绿色船舶”带来的挑战。今后的船舶设计不能仅仅考虑结构的强度问题,还应考虑诸如低排放、低能耗和振动噪声舒适性能等因素,向环保型设计方向发展。在振动噪声舒适性方面,船舶减振降噪设计技术受到普遍重视。国际海事组织(IMO)于2014年7月1日起采用新的更严格的舱室噪声标准,随着新的噪声国际标准实施,船舶舱室声学设计方法成为当前研究热点。本文针对船舶设计流程中涉及到的船舶声学设计内容,研究了舱室声学布局优化设计理论、船舶结构声学设计理论与方法、船舶降噪声学包配置优化设计方法。首先研究了船舶概念设计及初步设计阶段的舱室噪声控制方法,即通过对舱室进行总体声学布局优化设计,根据各类舱室噪声限值,合理布置船舶各功能舱室,使舱室降噪成本最低。基于船舶声学布局优化设计通用模型,本文给出解决船舶空间与舱室的匹配关系的两种优化方法。一是匈牙利法解法;二是基于排序不等式的准则法。对优化算法进行了软件实现,并给出面积和位置等约束条件下的舱室声学布局优化算例。其次,在船舶详细设计阶段,基于统计能量方法,研究了船舶噪声的传递途径控制方法。通过将热力学中的温度和熵的概念扩展为统计能量框架下的声振温度和声振熵,结合图论研究了识别船舶舱室噪声传递路径的方法。将识别噪声传递路径问题转化为K则最短路径问题,以混合熵增率为权,采用删除边算法搜索噪声能量的主传递路径。此方法能够快速识别基于统计能量模型的船舶舱室噪声主要传递路径。采用声学包降噪技术解决船舶舱室噪声超标问题是未来发展的主流技术。声学包是通过对结构基体材料、吸声/隔声材料和阻尼材料的组合优化设计,能完成预定降噪效果的声学部件。本文在声学布局优化设计给定和识别出振动噪声传递路径的基础上,利用声学敏度与遗传算法,研究声学包布置优化问题。该技术具有重要工程应用价值,对于实现声学包优化设计工作的标准化及程序化,有效减少声学包降噪成本,具有重要的作用。最后,综合舱室声学布局优化理论、船舶噪声能量传递路径识别技术和声学包降噪技术,提出适用于大型船舶基于噪声能量主传递路径族的降噪设计通用流程,并根据上述理论开发了船舶舱室声学优化设计软件。
[Abstract]:In January 1st 2013, the effectiveness Design Index (EEDI) of ships came into effect, and the design of ships began to face the challenge of "green ships". In the future, the design of ships should not only consider the strength of structures, but also take into account such as low emissions. Factors such as low energy consumption and comfort performance of vibration and noise have developed towards the direction of environment-friendly design. In terms of comfort of vibration and noise, The design technology of ship vibration and noise reduction has received widespread attention. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted a new and more stringent cabin noise standard since July 1st 2014, and with the implementation of the new international noise standard, The method of ship compartment acoustic design has become a hot research topic at present. In this paper, the optimal design theory of cabin acoustic layout, the theory and method of ship structure acoustic design are studied in view of the ship acoustic design contents involved in the ship design process. The optimal design method of ship noise-reducing acoustic package configuration. Firstly, the noise control method of cabin in the phase of conceptual design and preliminary design of ship is studied, that is, by optimizing the overall acoustic layout of the cabin, according to the noise limit value of all kinds of cabin, According to the general model of ship acoustic layout optimization design, this paper presents two optimization methods to solve the matching relationship between ship space and cabin. The second is the criterion method based on ranking inequality. The optimization algorithm is implemented by software, and an example is given to optimize the acoustic layout of the cabin under constraints such as area and position. Secondly, in the detailed ship design stage, based on the statistical energy method, The transfer path control method of ship noise is studied. By extending the concepts of temperature and entropy in thermodynamics to the acoustic-vibration temperature and acoustic entropy under the statistical energy frame, Based on graph theory, the method of identifying the path of ship cabin noise transfer is studied. The problem of identifying the path of noise transfer is transformed into the problem of K shortest path, with mixed entropy increasing rate as the weight. The main transmission path of noise energy can be searched by deleting edge algorithm. This method can quickly identify the main path of ship cabin noise transmission based on statistical energy model. Acoustic packet noise reduction technique is used to solve the problem of ship cabin noise exceeding the standard. The problem is the mainstream technology in the future. The acoustic package is based on the structure of the matrix material, The optimal design of the combination of sound absorption / sound insulation materials and damping materials can complete the acoustic components with predetermined noise reduction effects. Based on the optimal design of acoustic layout and identification of vibration and noise transfer paths, acoustical acuity and genetic algorithm are used in this paper. This paper studies the optimization of acoustic packet layout. This technology has important engineering application value, and it is important to realize the standardization and programming of the optimization design of acoustic packet, and to reduce the cost of noise reduction of acoustic packet effectively. Finally, Based on the theory of cabin acoustic layout optimization, ship noise energy transfer path identification technology and acoustic packet noise reduction technology, a general process of noise reduction design for large ships based on the main path family of noise energy transfer is proposed. Based on the above theory, the software of acoustic optimum design of ship compartment is developed.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U661.44;U662

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