港口国监督协调法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 17:41

本文关键词： 港口国监督协调谅解备忘录争议解决机制　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海洋安全和海洋环境保护已经成为全球治理的重要组成部分,港口国监督制度作为对外籍船舶的管理关口及船旗国监督的补充手段,以IMO大会决议、国际法和国内法为依据,有条不紊地对外籍船舶进行着监督和管理,对排除和限制低标准船舶起到了重要作用。港口国监督是一项国际事务,其有效行使依赖于多边合作。随着"21世纪海上丝绸之路"倡议的实施,我国与其他国家之间的合作范围越来越广,在航运领域也有许多合作项目,也为航运提出了互联互通的要求。港口国监督作为一项对外籍船舶检查的法律制度,目前在区域内及区域间的合作与协调方面仍存在一定不足。本文第一章,主要对港口国监督进行了概述,分析了港口国监督的定义、作用以及世界范围内港口国监督合作现状,并论述了区域港口国监督制度在协调和执行方面存在的问题,主要是国家之间船舶信息的共享互认机制缺位、区域港口国监督争议解决机制存有局限性以及港口国监督合作谅解备忘录缺乏法律约束力而需要各成员国进行国内法转化的问题。本文第二章,针对港口国监督谅解备忘录间的相互冲突进行了分析。港口国监督区域合作谅解备忘录的局限性主要体现在两个方面,一方面是谅解备忘录的法律局限性,另一方面是谅解备忘录间的信息协作。谅解备忘录的法律局限性导致谅解备忘录对成员国缺乏法律约束力,使区域内部执行谅解备忘录面临着一定困难。而谅解备忘录之间信息协作的缺位,导致了区域间港口国监督制度不协调,船舶将接受重复检查,而加大遭受滞留的风险。因此,有必要推进谅解备忘录国内立法转化,并建设谅解备忘录之间行之有效的信息协作机制,以促进外籍船舶航行效率。本文第三章,发生港口国监督下的争议之时,当事人的合法权益应得到及时且充分的法律保障,以促进航运互联互通。而由于谅解备忘录本身存在局限性及其他争议解决途径的局限性,港口国无法充分保障外籍船舶合法权益。本章分析了港口国监督和相关处理意见的法律性质,论证了上述行为在国内可采取的争议解决途径。但我国现有的争议解决机制、谅解备忘录中成员国报备的滞留申诉机制和谅解备忘录规定的滞留复审机制亦存在一定的局限性,因此,需要建立新的.快速争议解决机制,以保障外籍船舶的合法权益。本文第四章,为港口国监督在我国国内层面的完善和谅解备忘录层面的完善提出了对策和建议。在国内层面,我国作为倡议的发起国需要完善本国港口国监督制度,即在立法中明确港口国监督的性质,完善谅解备忘录的立法转化。在国际层面,需要倡导建立船舶信息共享互认机制和港口国监督快速争议解决机制来促进航运的互联互通。本文结论为在"21世纪海上丝绸之路"倡议的背景下,有必要对现有的港口国监督区域合作机制进行协调和完善。在不改变现有船舶检查标准的基础上,以完善国内立法、加强信息协作和构建快速争议解决机制的方式及筹建新的区域谅解备忘录来为航运发展提供方便。
[Abstract]:Maritime Safety and the protection of the marine environment has become an important part of global governance, the PSC system as a supplementary means in the management of mark and the flag State supervision on foreign ships, the IMO General Assembly resolutions, international law and domestic law as the basis, to foreign ships everything in good order and well arranged for the supervision and management of the important role of exclude and limit the substandard ship. The PSC is an international affairs, which depends on the effective exercise of multilateral cooperation. With the implementation of the "twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road initiative, the scope of cooperation between China and other countries are more and more widely in the shipping field, there are many cooperation projects, also put forward the interconnection the requirements for shipping. The PSC inspection of foreign ships as a legal system, the cooperation and coordination within the region and between regions there are still some deficiencies. In the first chapter, Mainly on the PSC were summarized, analyzed the definition of PSC, and worldwide PSC cooperation situation, and discusses the regional port state control system exists in the coordination and implementation issues, mainly shared mutual recognition mechanism of the absence of ship information between countries, regional PSC dispute resolution the mechanism has the limitation and PSC memorandum of understanding and lack of legal binding to each member of the problem into domestic law. In the second chapter, aiming at the conflict between the memorandum of understanding on port state control is analyzed. The limitations of the PSC regional cooperation memorandum of understanding is mainly reflected in two aspects, one is the legal limitations of the memorandum of understanding, on the other hand is a memorandum of understanding between the information collaboration. The legal limitations of the memorandum of understanding to memorandum of understanding Forget record members for lack of legal binding, the regional internal executive memorandum of understanding faces some difficulties. But the information cooperation memorandum of understanding between the vacancy, leading to inter regional PSC system coordination, the ship will undergo repeated inspection, and increase the risk of suffering from retention. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the transformation of the memorandum of understanding on domestic legislation. The construction of information and effective cooperation mechanism between the memorandum of understanding, in order to promote the efficiency of foreign ships. In the third chapter, the PSC under dispute occurred when the legitimate rights and interests of the parties should be timely and sufficient legal protection, in order to promote shipping interoperability. Due to the inherent limitations of the memorandum of understanding and other dispute resolution limitations way, port state can not fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign ships. This chapter analyzes the PSC and relevant opinion of the law The law of nature, demonstrates the above behavior can be taken in the domestic dispute resolution. But our existing dispute settlement mechanism, retention mechanism review provisions of the memorandum of understanding in Member States submitted the retention appeal mechanism and the memorandum of understanding also has certain limitations, therefore, need to establish a new mechanism to solve the dispute. Fast, in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign ships. In the fourth chapter, as the PSC puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions on perfecting the domestic level and the improvement of the memorandum of understanding level. At the national level, China as a country initiative to improve their PSC system, namely the explicit nature of PSC in legislation in the legislation perfect memorandum of understanding. At the international level, to advocate the establishment of ship information sharing and mutual recognition mechanism of PSC rapid dispute resolution mechanism to promote mutual interlocking and shipping The conclusion of this paper. In the "twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road initiative under the background, it is necessary to coordinate and improve the supervision of the regional port state. Based on the existing cooperation mechanism does not change the existing ship inspection standards, to improve the domestic legislation, strengthen cooperation and information construction of dispute settlement mechanism and the way of rapid construction area a new memorandum of understanding to facilitate shipping development.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294;U691.6

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