长大纵坡路段车—路友好性研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 11:58

本文关键词： 长大纵坡重载车辆动力学模型速度折减量坡度坡长燃油经济性入坡速度车身垂向加速度平顺性　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是个多山的国家,随着高速公路的发展,高速公路建设重心也逐渐向山岭重丘区转移,在这些地区出现了大量的长大纵坡路段。通过对在使用的高速公路交通情况的调查发现,车辆在长大纵坡路段的行驶速度偏低,尤其是重载车辆,此时会严重影响整个车流,降低交通效率,同时还有可能会使后面车辆强行超车,引发交通事故。这主要是由于早期的路线设计标准关于公路纵坡坡度和坡长指标的有关规定,侧重于工程造价和环境保护,对车辆行驶的安全性和公路使用费用不够重视。同时随着人们对车辆乘坐舒适性要求的提高,长大纵坡路段路线的设计要综合考虑车-路-人整个系统。本文主要研究长大纵坡路段车辆行驶速度特性和车身垂向加速度,为进行车-路友好设计提供基础。首先,简要阐述了多体动力学及其求解方法,并介绍了多体系统运动学和动力学模型在ADAMS软件中的建立以及求解过程。其次,基于多体动力学原理和汽车动力学理论,建立1+2+5型重载车辆动力学模型,其中对其关键部件在系统动力学软件ADAMS中的建模过程进行了详细描述。然后,研究了长大纵坡路段重载车辆的速度特性。以1+2+5型重载车辆为例,详细阐述了在其标准轴载下,车辆在长大纵坡路段行驶速度随坡度、坡长和入坡速度的变化规律。在分析车辆爬坡速度特性曲线的基础上,得到不同坡度下,速度折减量与爬坡长度的关系。基于合理的速度折减量,提出长大纵坡路段坡度与坡长的函数关系,为山区高速公路路线设计提供参考,同时结合燃油经济性,给出建议入坡速度,以提高燃油效率,节约运营成本。最后,研究了长大纵坡路段车辆行驶平顺性。以1+2+5型重载车辆为例,在标准轴载下,分析了悬架的刚度和减振器阻尼值对车身垂向加速度的影响。研究发现,减振器阻尼值的选取不仅要结合悬架的刚度,还要考虑车身垂向加速度功率谱在2-5Hz处频谱密度及考虑10-20Hz处的另一个峰值。
[Abstract]:China is a mountainous country, with the development of highway, the center of gravity of highway construction is gradually shifting to the mountainous and hilly area. In these areas, there are a large number of long longitudinal slope sections. Through the investigation of the traffic situation of the highway in use, it is found that the speed of vehicles in the long longitudinal slope section is on the low side, especially the heavy-duty vehicles. At this time will seriously affect the entire traffic, reduce traffic efficiency, but also may make the back of the vehicle forced overtaking. This is mainly due to the provisions of the early route design standards on the slope and slope length of the highway longitudinal slope, with emphasis on engineering cost and environmental protection. Less attention has been paid to the safety of vehicles and the cost of road use. At the same time, with the improvement of people's requirements for ride comfort. The overall vehicle-road-human system should be taken into account in the design of the long longitudinal slope route. This paper mainly studies the vehicle speed characteristics and the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body in the long longitudinal slope section. It provides the foundation for vehicle-road friendly design. Firstly, the multi-body dynamics and its solution are briefly described. The establishment and solution of kinematics and dynamics model of multi-body system in ADAMS software are introduced. Secondly, based on the theory of multi-body dynamics and automotive dynamics. The dynamic model of 125 type heavy-haul vehicle is established, in which the modeling process of its key components in the system dynamics software ADAMS is described in detail. The speed characteristics of heavy duty vehicles on long longitudinal slopes are studied. Taking 125 heavy duty vehicles as an example, it is expounded in detail that the speed of vehicles on long and long longitudinal slopes depends on the slope under the standard axle load. On the basis of analyzing the characteristic curve of vehicle climbing speed, the relationship between speed reduction and climbing length under different slopes is obtained. The function relationship between slope degree and slope length of long longitudinal slope section is put forward, which can provide reference for highway route design in mountainous area. At the same time, the paper gives the suggestion of slope entry speed in order to improve fuel efficiency by combining fuel economy. Finally, we study the ride comfort of vehicles on long and long longitudinal slopes. Take 125 heavy duty vehicles as an example, under the standard axle load. The influence of suspension stiffness and damper damping value on vertical acceleration of vehicle body is analyzed. It is found that the selection of damping value of shock absorber should not only combine the stiffness of suspension. The spectral density of the vertical acceleration power spectrum at 2-5 Hz and another peak value of 10-20 Hz should be considered.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491;U412.36

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