热力水射流复合机械道路除冰车的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 19:13

本文选题：道路除冰　切入点：水射流　出处：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：冬季寒冷地区机场跑道、高速公路、桥梁路面表层极易形成较厚结冰,其表面附着力将显著降低,容易引发交通事故,影响人们正常出行,快速、有效的去除道路表面较厚的积冰显得尤为重要。传统的化学融冰法由于较为严重的环境污染问题,逐步被限制使用;传统机械除冰法无法有效应对较厚的积冰且效率较低、极易损伤路面;而纯热力除冰法耗能大、吸水不彻底且易造成二次结冰。针对上述情况本课题提出一种热力水射流复合机械的道路除冰技术,并通过现有技术,对除冰车关键的水射流融除冰装置、机械破冰集冰装置,开展相关的设计研究。本文的研究成果主要体现在以下几个方面:阐述了热力水射流复合机械道路除冰车的工作原理及结构组成;对水射流融冰除冰过程进行理论分析,通过相关计算,对整车系统进行参数匹配,确定水射流装置的工作压力范围以及作业高度。通过多相流数值模拟得出喷嘴出口处的速度衰减图结合正交优化方法分析出具有极佳性能的喷嘴结构尺寸。基于Fluent中凝固与融化模型,分别建立射流压力、射流温度、除冰车行驶速度等各个因素对融除冰厚度影响的物理模型,继而分析出各个因素对切削冰层的作用效果。采用线性回归分析方法分别拟合出水射流装置融除冰层的厚度与射流压力、射流温度、除冰车行驶速度关系曲线图,给实际除冰作业提供参考意见。最后对热力水射流复合机械道路除冰车的机械装置进行系统的研究,首先是切削冰层装置的运动分析,确定水射流装置和道路除冰车的速度关系;其次是面向实际机械破冰集冰的作业工况,设计出一种快速有效将路面上菱形冰块剥离地面并破碎的破冰辊。破冰装置的分析中主要得出刀具的各个参数和同一圆周上刀具的数目。
[Abstract]:It is easy to form thicker ice on the surface of airport runway, expressway and bridge in cold winter area, and its surface adhesion will be significantly reduced, which will easily lead to traffic accidents and affect the normal travel of people. It is very important to remove the thicker ice deposit on the road surface effectively. The traditional chemical ice melting method is gradually restricted because of the serious environmental pollution problem. The traditional mechanical deicing method can not effectively deal with the thicker ice accumulation and is less efficient. It is easy to damage the road surface, but the pure thermal deicing method consumes a lot of energy, absorbs water incompletely and easily results in secondary icing. In view of the above situation, a road deicing technology of thermal water jet composite machinery is put forward, and through the existing technology, For the key water jet melting and deicing device of the deicing vehicle, the mechanical ice breaking and collecting device, The main research results of this paper are as follows: the working principle and structure of the road deicing vehicle with thermal water jet composite, the theoretical analysis of the water jet deicing process, Through the relevant calculation, the whole vehicle system parameters matching, The working pressure range and operating height of the water jet device were determined. The velocity attenuation diagram at the nozzle outlet was obtained by numerical simulation of multiphase flow and the structure size of the nozzle with excellent performance was analyzed by orthogonal optimization method. Solidification and melting model in Fluent, The physical models of the influence of jet pressure, jet temperature and speed of deicing vehicle on the thickness of melting and deicing are established respectively. Then, the effect of various factors on cutting ice layer is analyzed. The linear regression analysis method is used to fit the curves of the thickness of melt ice layer and jet pressure, jet temperature, speed of deicing vehicle, respectively. Finally, a systematic study on the mechanism of the deicing vehicle for the thermal water jet composite road is carried out, first of all, the motion analysis of the cutting ice layer device is carried out. The relationship between the speed of the water jet device and the road deicing vehicle is determined. An ice breaking roll is designed which can strip the diamond ice on the road surface and break it quickly and effectively. In the analysis of the ice breaking device, the parameters of the cutting tool and the number of the tools on the same circumference are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U418.326

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