驾驶人风险感知效用研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 06:48

本文选题：风险感知 + 驾驶入风险感知效用　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：国内外道路交通事故统计结果表明,人因交通事故中,80%以上与驾驶人对交通情境中风险的感知和判断失误有关。因此,驾驶人风险感知机理问题是从人因角度预防交通事故的核心,研究驾驶人风险感知具有重要的理论和现实意义。本课题基于驾驶模拟系统平台(KMRTDS)及驾驶适宜性检测系统,针对驾驶人在典型风险驾驶情境下的风险感知效用展开研究。提出并分析了驾驶人的不同风险感知效用类型,并同时研究驾驶人的风险感知效用与驾驶行为特征、驾驶适宜性特征之间的关系。具体内容如下：首先,结合风险感知和效用的相关理论,提出驾驶人风险感知效用这一概念,以描述驾驶人的风险感知特性,构建了用于实验测试的风险驾驶情境,并确定了基于情境风险度的驾驶人风险感知效用的量化评估方法。其次,利用驾驶模拟实验平台,对31名被试驾驶人进行模拟驾驶实验、驾驶适宜性检测及主观风险度评价。根据实验获取的数据对驾驶人风险感知效用进行量化评估,最终得到驾驶人风险感知效用的量化值。运用SPSS中统计分析方法,对被试驾驶人风险感知效用值进行了差异性和聚类分析。差异性分析结果表明不同驾驶经验、年龄、性别的被试驾驶人之间风险感知效用存在不同程度的差异性；聚类分析及Fisher判别结果表明不同被试驾驶人在典型的风险驾驶情境中具有不同风险感知特性,据此将驾驶人分成四种类型,即保守型(谨慎型)、中间型、激进型(冒险型)和复合型。最后,基于被试驾驶人的分类结果,运用统计分析及小波分析方法从车辆运行状态特征、驾驶人操作行为特征两个方面对驾驶行为特征进行了分析。结果表明：效用值较高的保守型驾驶人,其驾驶行为稳定性较好,安全性较高；效用值较低的激进型驾驶人,其驾驶行为稳定性较差、安全性较差；而效用值处于中间水平的中间型驾驶人,其驾驶行为稳定性、安全性也处于中间水平；而复合型驾驶人其驾驶行为特征在高风险情境中倾向于保守型,低风险情境中则倾向于激进型。此外,驾驶适宜性特征分析结果也表明：中间型、复合型驾驶人的驾驶适宜性相对较好,激进型、保守型驾驶人的驾驶适宜性相对较差。本研究主要从驾驶人风险感知效用研究出发,提出了一种基于风险感知效用的驾驶人分类方法,并基于此分类方法,研究了驾驶人风险感知效用与驾驶行为、驾驶适宜性之间的关系。研究结果不仅有助于驾驶人的动态驾驶适宜性检测,而且对于探索驾驶人风险感知过程的研究具有推动作用。
[Abstract]:The statistical results of road traffic accidents at home and abroad show that more than 80% of human traffic accidents are related to the perception and error of the driver's risk in the traffic situation.Therefore, the mechanism of driver's risk perception is the core of preventing traffic accident from the angle of human factors. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the driver's risk perception.Based on the driving simulation system platform KMRTDS and the driving suitability testing system, this paper studies the risk perception utility of the driver in the typical risk driving situation.This paper proposes and analyzes the different risk perception utility types of the driver, and studies the relationship between the risk perception utility of the driver and the characteristics of driving behavior and driving suitability at the same time.The specific contents are as follows: firstly, combining the theory of risk perception and utility, the concept of risk perception utility of driver is proposed to describe the characteristics of risk perception and construct the risk driving situation for experimental testing.A quantitative evaluation method of perceived utility of driver's risk based on situational risk degree is established.Secondly, using the platform of driving simulation experiment, 31 subjects were tested with simulated driving test, driving suitability test and subjective risk evaluation.According to the experimental data, the risk perception utility of the driver is evaluated quantitatively, and the quantitative value of the risk perception utility of the driver is obtained.By using the statistical analysis method of SPSS, the difference and clustering analysis of the perceived utility value of the tested driver's risk are carried out.The results of difference analysis showed that there were differences in perceived utility of risk among drivers with different driving experience, age and sex.Clustering analysis and Fisher discriminant results show that different drivers have different risk perception characteristics in typical risk driving situations. According to this, drivers are divided into four types: conservative type (cautious type, intermediate type).Radical (adventurous) and compound.Finally, based on the classification results of the tested drivers, the characteristics of driving behavior are analyzed from two aspects: the characteristics of the vehicle running state and the characteristics of the driver's operation behavior by means of statistical analysis and wavelet analysis.The results showed that the conservative driver with higher utility value had better driving behavior stability and higher safety, and the radical driver with lower utility value had poor driving behavior stability and safety.While the intermediate driver whose utility value is at the intermediate level has the stability and safety of driving behavior, while the driving behavior characteristics of the compound driver tend to be conservative in high risk situations.In low risk situations, they tend to be radical.In addition, the results of driving suitability analysis also show that the driving suitability of intermediate type and compound type is relatively good, while that of radical type and conservative type is relatively poor.Based on the research of the risk perception utility of the driver, this paper puts forward a classification method of the driver based on the risk perception utility, and studies the risk perception utility and driving behavior of the driver based on this classification method.The relationship between driving suitability.The results are not only helpful to the driver's dynamic driving suitability detection, but also to the exploration of the driver's risk perception process.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.25

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