基于统计分析的隧道塌方规律及围岩压力分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 21:35

  本文选题：隧道塌方 + 松动压力　； 参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国现代化和城市化发展进程的加快,城市地下空间建设、交通隧道(铁路隧道、公路隧道)建设等取得了飞速的发展,其中在修建公路隧道、铁路隧道和地铁隧道时,面临的地质环境越来越复杂。为了确保隧道设计的安全性,需要对围岩压力的大小及性质作出正确判断,而围岩压力与隧道的塌方有着密切的关系。因此本文决定从隧道塌方入手,通过对大量实际塌方案例进行汇总与统计分析,得出影响隧道塌方的主要因素及塌方高度的分布规律,在此基础上,沿用《铁路隧道设计规范》围岩压力计算公式拟合思路,给出适用于公路隧道的围岩压力(松动压力)拟合公式,然后采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法,对围岩压力(松动压力)分布特征进行研究。主要研究成果如下:(1)通过对大量的隧道塌方实际工程案例统计分析,总结了隧道的塌方类型主要包括塌穿型塌方、拱部塌方和异形塌方。影响隧道塌方的主要因素包括三类:工程地质条件(围岩级别S、地下水、偏压V)、隧道自身概况(埋深h、跨度B、高跨比λ)和人为因素(爆破震动、设计因素、施工因素)。通过引入“相对塌方程度”这一概念,针对各因素对隧道塌方的影响规律作了定性分析。(2)采用基于层次分析的模糊综合评价法,计算出了各因素对隧道塌方的影响权重,对各因素的影响规律给出了定量分析。在此基础上建立了隧道塌方风险分析模型,用于评定隧道发生塌方风险的等级。(3)针对现有围岩压力计算方法及不足进行了总结,在对公路隧道塌方高度统计分析的基础上,沿用《铁路隧道设计规范》围岩压力计算公式拟合思路,通过Origin 2016拟合得到了适用于Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级围岩下,埋深较大的公路隧道围岩压力(松动压力)计算公式。并将拟合公式与普氏压力拱理论和公路隧道设计规范给出的围岩压力计算公式进行了比较,验证了公式的合理性。(4)通过调研对节理间距、节理倾角、结构面粘聚力、结构面内摩擦角和围岩重度的分布特征进行了总结,在此基础上,采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法,对围岩压力的分布特征进行了研究,结果表明,在上述因素的分布特征下,围岩压力服从正态分布。
[Abstract]:With the development of modernization and urbanization in China, the construction of urban underground space, traffic tunnel (railway tunnel, highway tunnel) and so on have made rapid development, especially in the construction of highway tunnel, railway tunnel and subway tunnel.The geological environment is becoming more and more complex.In order to ensure the safety of tunnel design, it is necessary to correctly judge the magnitude and nature of surrounding rock pressure, which is closely related to the collapse of tunnel.Therefore, this article decided to start with tunnel collapse, through collecting and statistical analysis of a large number of actual collapse cases, the main factors affecting tunnel collapse and the distribution law of collapse height were obtained, and on this basis,According to the train of thought of the calculation formula of surrounding rock pressure of railway tunnel design code, the fitting formula of surrounding rock pressure (loosening pressure) suitable for highway tunnel is given, and then Monte Carlo simulation method is used.The distribution characteristics of surrounding rock pressure (loosening pressure) are studied.The main research results are as follows: (1) based on the statistical analysis of a large number of practical cases of tunnel collapse, this paper summarizes the types of tunnel collapse, including collapse collapse, arch collapse and special-shaped collapse.The main factors affecting tunnel collapse include three types: engineering geological conditions (surrounding rock grade S, groundwater, partial pressure VX), tunnel itself (buried depth h, span B, height to span ratio 位) and human factors (blasting vibration, design factors, construction factors).By introducing the concept of "relative collapse degree", a qualitative analysis of the influence of various factors on tunnel collapse is made. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on AHP is used to calculate the influence weight of each factor on tunnel collapse.Quantitative analysis of the influence of various factors is given.On this basis, a tunnel collapse risk analysis model is established, which is used to evaluate the tunnel collapse risk. The paper summarizes the existing calculation methods and shortcomings of surrounding rock pressure, and on the basis of statistical analysis of highway tunnel collapse height,Based on the formula fitting of surrounding rock pressure of railway tunnel design code, the calculation formula of surrounding rock pressure (loosening pressure) of highway tunnel is obtained by Origin 2016 fitting, which is suitable for the calculation of surrounding rock pressure (loosening pressure) of highway tunnel with greater depth under grade 鈪，

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