交通疏散逆向车道设置路段选择优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 02:56

本文选题：应急交通 + 逆向车道　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,各类突发事件频发,会对城市交通系统带来严重的影响。事件发生后,需要交通管理部门在短时间内采取合理的交通组织措施或策略进行疏散,减少事件危害。但是由于突发事件极大的破坏性,导致交通需求激增,原有交通路网受到不同程度破坏,造成交通系统供需不平衡,原有的交通组织无法有效地完成疏散任务。如何采用合适的应急疏散组织策略,对受灾后的路网进行路段通行方向再组织,改善现有网络容纳疏散车流量,有效地将事态发生后激增的、有明显方向交通需求快速疏散,减少疏散时间、降低事件影响,从而提升路网的疏散效率,减轻路网的疏散压力。逆向车道作为应急疏散中最常用的组织方式之一,在短时间内提高疏散方向通行能力的交通组织方案,降低疏散成本等方面都具有其特有的优越性。本文在对应急疏散交通组织中逆向路段选择方法研究现状总结的基础上,结合突发事件条件下城市道路网络中交通网络特性、交通需求特性、交通流特性等方面,分析逆向车道的机理和优缺点,对城市交通路网中突发事件环境下的应急疏散组织进行研究。首先,在对应急疏散交通组织中逆向路段方法分析的基础上,利用最小费用流理论,改进了最小费用流模型,建立了基于最小费用流关键边选择模型,并在经典的最小费用路算法基础上设计了相应的算法。并根据不同研究角度下的关键路段,基于失效概率和失效后果的最关键边的确定,运用路段关键路段识别算法,运用Logit随机网络加载模型交通分配下获得在无失效状态下路网总运行时间,利用MATLAB及Monte Carlo仿真模拟,对其进行求解,分析各路段对这整个路网的影响,寻找路网中对网络影响较大及被破坏的可能性较高的路段,选择有效的逆向车道设置方案,以提高疏散效率,减轻拥堵和延误情况。最后,以兰州市内部分道路交通路网为例进行实例分析,分别运用两种不同算法寻找最有利于当前路网疏散的关键路段,并对所找到的路段进行对比分析,证实本文提出的方法的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of all kinds of emergencies will bring serious impact on the urban traffic system. After the incident, the traffic management departments need to take reasonable traffic organization measures or strategies to evacuate in a short time to reduce the damage. However, due to the great breaking of the emergency, the traffic demand is increasing, the original traffic network is affected by the traffic network. To a different degree of damage, the supply and demand of traffic system is not balanced, the original traffic organization can not effectively complete the evacuation task. How to adopt appropriate emergency evacuation organization strategy, organize the road direction of the road network after the disaster, improve the existing network to accommodate the evacuation vehicle flow, effectively increase the situation after the incident, obviously, there is obvious. The direction of the traffic needs to evacuate quickly, reduce the evacuation time and reduce the impact of the event, thus improve the evacuation efficiency of the road network and reduce the evacuation pressure of the road network. As one of the most common organization methods in emergency evacuation, the reverse lane can improve the traffic organization plan of the evacuation direction in a short time and reduce the cost of evacuation. On the basis of summarizing the research status of the reverse section selection method in emergency evacuation traffic organization, this paper analyzes the mechanism and advantages and disadvantages of reverse Lane in the aspects of traffic network characteristics, traffic demand characteristics and traffic flow characteristics in urban road network under emergency conditions, and makes an analysis of the burst of urban traffic network. The emergency evacuation organization in the event environment is studied. Firstly, on the basis of the analysis of the reverse section method in the emergency evacuation traffic organization, the minimum cost flow model is improved by using the minimum cost flow theory, and the key edge selection model based on the minimum cost flow is established, and the corresponding minimum cost path algorithm is designed on the basis of the classical minimum cost path algorithm. According to the key sections of different research angles, based on the determination of the most critical sides of the failure probability and failure consequences, the total running time of the road network under the non failure state is obtained by using the link critical section identification algorithm, and the Logit random network loading model is used to obtain the total running time of the road network under the condition of no failure, and the MATLAB and Monte Carlo simulation are used to get into it. The effect of each section on the whole road network is analyzed, and the road network which has a higher impact on the network and the high possibility of destruction is found, and an effective reverse Lane setting scheme is chosen to improve the evacuation efficiency and reduce the congestion and delay. Finally, the example of the road network in Lanzhou is carried out to carry out an example analysis, respectively. Two different algorithms are used to find the key sections that are most conducive to the evacuation of the current road network, and the sections found are compared and analyzed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

【参考文献】