公共自行车借还特性分析及调度模型研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 14:49

本文选题：公共交通 + 公共自行车系统　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：公共交通由于具有运量大、效率高、成本低、污染小的特点得到了国家和各省市层面的大力支持,发展全方位、多层次一体化的公共交通是缓解城市交通供需矛盾导致的各种交通问题的有效措施。因此,各地区都在积极探索公共交通发展模式,其中就包括积极引进和发展城市公共自行车系统。这是因为：第一,公共自行车本身作为一种公共交通方式是对传统的公共交通的有效补充；第二,公共自行车在接驳大运量公共交通出行方式方面能够发挥重要作用,解决最后一公里问题。然而,目前国内城市公共自行车系统普遍存在着高峰时段部分站点借还车困难的问题,严重影响着系统运行效率及使用者的满意度。本文在相关理论研究成果的基础上,对公共自行车系统的借还车特性和调度模型两方面内容展开研究,旨在提高系统的运营效率、缩减运营成本并提高使用者的满意度,因而具有十分重要的研究意义和实用价值。首先,对城市公共自行车系统进行了界定,从系统的设施组成、功能定位、站点划分方面进行介绍。以南京市江宁区公共自行车系统运营数据为基础数据,剔除无效数据后对系统的借还车次数特性、时间特性、周转率特性展开了分析,从而把握系统使用者的借还车特点。其次,剖析城市公共自行车站间调度,划分调度类型和确定调度模式。以早高峰时段系统的稳定性最强、调度启动时间最晚为目标建立夜间静态调度需求量模型,针对模型特点设计了一种十进制编码、二人竞赛选择、算术交叉、非均匀变异的遗传算法来对模型进行求解。再次,以满足各站点的静态调度需求量为前提,最小化调度车辆的行驶距离为目标,考虑调度车容量约束和调度车辆的供给约束,建立静态调度车辆路径优化模型,通过对基本蚁群算法进行改善,设计了一个能够求解本模型的蚁群算法,得到调度车辆的最优调度行驶路径。最后,在静态调度研究的基础上,明确动态调度问题的特性,确定动态调度时各站点的调度服务时间窗,计算各站点在动态调度时站点的调度需求量随调度服务时间变化的关系。
[Abstract]:Due to the characteristics of large volume, high efficiency, low cost and low pollution, public transport has been greatly supported by the state, provinces and cities, and has developed in all directions. Multi-level integrated public transportation is an effective measure to alleviate all kinds of traffic problems caused by the contradiction between supply and demand of urban traffic. Therefore, all regions are actively exploring the development model of public transport, including the introduction and development of urban public bicycle system. This is because, first, public bicycles themselves are an effective complement to traditional public transport as a mode of public transport; and second, public bicycles can play an important role in connecting large volumes of public transport. Solve the last kilometer problem. However, at present, there is a problem that it is difficult to borrow and return some stations in the rush hour in China, which seriously affects the efficiency of the system and the satisfaction of the users. On the basis of relevant theoretical research results, this paper studies the characteristics and scheduling model of public bicycle system in order to improve the operational efficiency of the system, reduce operating costs and improve user satisfaction. Therefore, it has very important research significance and practical value. Firstly, the paper defines the urban public bicycle system, including its facility composition, function orientation and site division. Based on the operation data of public bicycle system in Jiangning District of Nanjing City, this paper analyzes the characteristics of times of borrowing and returning vehicles, time characteristics and turnover rate of the system after eliminating invalid data, so as to grasp the characteristics of the users of the system. Secondly, it analyzes the scheduling between public bicycle stations, divides the scheduling types and determines the scheduling mode. Taking the stability of the system in the early peak period as the most stable and the late start time of the scheduling as the target, the paper establishes a static scheduling demand model at night. According to the characteristics of the model, a decimal code, a two-person competition selection and arithmetic crossover are designed. Non-uniform mutation genetic algorithm to solve the model. Thirdly, on the premise of satisfying the static demand of the stations, minimizing the driving distance of the dispatching vehicle, considering the capacity constraints and the supply constraints of the dispatching vehicle, a static scheduling vehicle path optimization model is established. By improving the basic ant colony algorithm, an ant colony algorithm is designed to solve the model, and the optimal scheduling path of the vehicle is obtained. Finally, on the basis of static scheduling research, the characteristics of dynamic scheduling problem are defined, and the scheduling service time window of each station is determined. The relationship between scheduling demand and scheduling service time is calculated.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.225

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